Kinuha ni Maria ang maliit at malaking sukat ng palda para makita niya kung kasya sa kaniya ang mas malaking sukat.

Kinuha means took here.

The difference is about focus:

• Kinuha ni Maria ang... = the thing taken is marked by ang
• Kumuha si Maria ng... = Maria is the actor in focus, and the thing taken is marked by ng

So this sentence uses patient/object focus, which is why kinuha is used instead of kumuha.

A rough comparison:

• Kinuha ni Maria ang damit. = Maria took the clothes.
• Kumuha si Maria ng damit. = Maria took some clothes.

Both can translate similarly in English, but the Filipino grammar is different.

Because the verb kinuha is in object/patient focus.

In this pattern:

• the doer takes ni
• the thing affected / thing taken takes ang

So:

• Kinuha ni Maria ang... = Maria is the doer
• ang maliit at malaking sukat... = the thing taken

If the sentence used si Maria, the verb would normally be different, such as:

• Kumuha si Maria ng maliit at malaking sukat...

Because it is the noun phrase being highlighted by the verb kinuha in this sentence pattern.

With kinuha, the thing taken is the ang-marked phrase. So:

• ni Maria = by Maria
• ang maliit at malaking sukat ng palda = the small and large skirt sizes

This is one of the most important patterns in Filipino: the marker depends on the verb form.

The -ng is a linker that connects an adjective to the noun it describes.

Here, malaking is directly before sukat, so it takes the linker:

• malaking sukat = large size

In maliit at malaking sukat, both maliit and malaking describe sukat, but only the adjective directly next to the noun shows the linker.

So this pattern is normal:

• maliit at malaking sukat
• maganda at matalinong babae

It would sound wrong to say malaki sukat without the linker.

In this context, it means two sizes: the small size and the large size.

Even though sukat is not marked with mga, Filipino often leaves plural marking unexpressed when the meaning is already clear from context.

So this phrase is understood as:

• the small and large size
• more naturally in English: the small and large sizes

A more explicit version could be:

• ang maliit at ang malaking sukat
• ang maliit na sukat at ang malaking sukat

But the original sentence is still understandable and natural.

Ng palda modifies sukat.

So:

• sukat ng palda = size of the skirt / skirt size

It does not mean that Maria took the skirt itself. It specifies what kind of size is being talked about: the size of the skirt.

Para makita niya means so that she can see or to see.

Here para introduces a purpose clause:

• Kinuha ni Maria... para makita niya...
• Maria took ... in order to see ...

Makita is used because the action is still the purpose of the earlier action, not a completed past event by itself.

Compare:

• nakita niya = she saw
• makita niya = for her to see / so she can see

So after para, forms like makita are very common.

They are different forms of the same pronoun set.

• niya = genitive form, often used for actors, possessors, or certain verb-related roles
• kaniya = oblique form, used after words like sa

So:

• makita niya = for her to see
• sa kaniya = on/for her, to her

This is very common in Filipino. English uses her in both places, but Filipino changes the pronoun form depending on grammar.

Here kung means whether.

It introduces an embedded yes/no question:

• kung kasya sa kaniya ang mas malaking sukat
• whether the larger size fits her

In other contexts, kung can also mean if, but here whether is the best translation.

Kasya means fit or be the right size.

The structure is:

• kasya = fits
• sa kaniya = on/for her
• ang mas malaking sukat = the larger size

So literally, it is something like:

• whether fitting for her is the larger size

A more natural English version is:

• whether the larger size fits her

This word order is normal in Filipino, where the predicate often comes first.

Because kasya commonly takes sa to mark the person or thing something fits.

Examples:

• Kasya sa akin ang sapatos. = The shoes fit me.
• Hindi kasya sa bata ang damit. = The clothes do not fit the child.

So in your sentence:

• kasya sa kaniya = fits her

Using niya here would be incorrect, because kasya does not take that pronoun form in this pattern.

Mas malaking sukat means the larger size.

• mas = more
• malaki = big / large
• mas malaki = bigger / larger
• mas malaking sukat = larger size

This is used because Maria is comparing sizes, most likely two of them: a smaller one and a larger one.

By contrast:

• pinakamalaking sukat = the largest size

So mas is correct when the idea is larger, not largest.

Because once the subject is already clear, Filipino naturally switches to pronouns.

So after Maria is introduced, the sentence continues with:

• makita niya
• sa kaniya

This is normal and natural. Repeating Maria again and again would sound heavier and less smooth.

So the sentence flows like this:

• Maria took the sizes
• so she could see
• whether the larger size fits her