Para sa almusal, gusto ko ng gatas na may kaunting asukal at tinapay na may keso.

It means For breakfast.

• para sa = for
• almusal = breakfast

So Para sa almusal, ... sets the context: the speaker is talking about what they want for breakfast.

Because gusto takes the genitive pronoun, not the nominative one.

So:

• ko = my / me in the form used after words like gusto
• ako = I / me as the basic subject form

In Filipino, gusto ko is the normal way to say I want or I like.

So:

• Gusto ko ng gatas. = I want milk.

Not:

• Gusto ako ng gatas. → this is incorrect for this meaning

Here, ng marks what is being wanted: milk.

So:

• gusto ko ng gatas = I want milk

In this kind of sentence, ng often introduces something indefinite or non-specific.

Compare:

• Gusto ko ng gatas. = I want milk / some milk
• Gusto ko ang gatas. = can mean I like milk or I want the milk, depending on context

So in your sentence, ng helps give the sense of some milk, not a specific previously identified milk.

This is a very common learner question.

gusto ko ng gatas

Usually means:

• I want milk
• I would like some milk

It sounds indefinite and natural when ordering or asking for food.

gusto ko ang gatas

Usually means:

• I like milk
• or sometimes I want the milk if a specific milk is being referred to

So in a breakfast sentence, gusto ko ng gatas is the more natural choice if you mean I want some milk.

Here, na is a linker. It connects gatas to the descriptive phrase may kaunting asukal.

So:

• gatas = milk
• may kaunting asukal = with a little sugar
• gatas na may kaunting asukal = milk with a little sugar

This na does not mean already here. It is just a grammatical connector, very common in Filipino.

You can think of it roughly as:

• milk that has a little sugar or more naturally:
• milk with a little sugar

Yes, basically.

may often means has / there is / with, depending on context.

In this sentence:

• gatas na may kaunting asukal literally = milk that has a little sugar
• tinapay na may keso literally = bread that has cheese

In natural English, we usually translate that as:

• milk with a little sugar
• bread with cheese

So may can often correspond to English with in noun phrases like this.

Because kaunti becomes kaunting before a noun.

• kaunti = few / little
• kaunting asukal = a little sugar

This is another use of a linker:

• words ending in a vowel often take -ng before the next word

So:

• kaunti
  • linker = kaunting

This is very normal in Filipino:

• maliit na bahay = small house
• mabuting tao = good person
• kaunting asukal = a little sugar

Because each noun has its own modifier.

The sentence has two food items:

1. gatas na may kaunting asukal
2. tinapay na may keso

Each one is a separate unit:

• milk with a little sugar
• bread with cheese

If you did not repeat the modifier structure, the sentence could become unclear. Repeating na may makes it obvious that:

• the milk has a little sugar
• the bread has cheese

Yes.

In this sentence:

• ... gatas na may kaunting asukal at tinapay na may keso = ... milk with a little sugar and bread with cheese

So at simply joins the two things being wanted.

You may also hear tsaka in conversation, which can also mean and, but at is the standard written form.

Yes, literally that is what it means.

• tinapay = bread
• na = linker
• may keso = has cheese / with cheese

So the literal structure is:

• bread that has cheese

But natural English is:

• bread with cheese

This kind of structure is very common in Filipino.

Yes, somewhat.

The given sentence:

• Para sa almusal, gusto ko ng gatas na may kaunting asukal at tinapay na may keso.

is very natural.

You could also say:

• Gusto ko ng gatas na may kaunting asukal at tinapay na may keso para sa almusal.

This also means the same thing, but the focus changes slightly:

• putting Para sa almusal first sets the breakfast context immediately
• putting it later sounds a bit more like an added detail

Both are understandable and natural.

It is neutral and natural. It works well in both speech and writing.

It does not sound overly formal, and it does not sound slangy either.

A more casual spoken version might be something like:

• Sa almusal, gusto ko ng gatas na may kaunting asukal at tinapay na may keso.

This is very close in meaning. The original sentence is already perfectly good Filipino.

With gusto, context matters.

• gusto ko can mean I want
• it can also mean I like

But in this sentence, because it is about breakfast and includes specific food items, the most natural meaning is I want / I would like.

So:

• Para sa almusal, gusto ko ng gatas... is best understood as
• For breakfast, I want / I’d like milk...

If you wanted a clearer I like milk meaning in a general sense, you would more often say:

• Gusto ko ang gatas. or
• Mahilig ako sa gatas. depending on the nuance.