Malinaw ang petsa ng pagkapaso at panahon ng bisa.

Because Filipino commonly uses a predicate-first word order.

In this sentence:

• Malinaw = clear
• ang petsa ng pagkapaso at panahon ng bisa = the expiration date and period of validity

So the structure is basically:

• Predicate
  • subject/topic

A very literal feel is:

• Clear are the expiration date and period of validity.

In more natural English, we would say:

• The expiration date and period of validity are clear.

You can also invert it in Filipino with ay:

• Ang petsa ng pagkapaso at panahon ng bisa ay malinaw.

That version is more topic-first and often feels a bit more formal or written.

Ang marks the subject/topic of the sentence.

In this sentence, ang introduces the whole noun phrase:

• ang petsa ng pagkapaso at panahon ng bisa

That whole phrase is what is being described as malinaw.

A useful way to think of ang is:

• it does not directly mean the
• but in many sentences, the noun phrase marked by ang often ends up being translated with the in English

So here:

• ang petsa... ≈ the date...

But grammatically, ang is really a marker, not just an article.

Filipino often leaves out the verb to be in simple equational or descriptive sentences.

So instead of saying something like:

• The expiration date and validity period are clear

Filipino can simply say:

• Malinaw ang petsa ng pagkapaso at panahon ng bisa.

This is completely normal. The relationship between the adjective and the noun phrase is understood without adding a separate word for is/are.

Here, ng works like of in English.

So:

• petsa ng pagkapaso = date of expiration / expiration date
• panahon ng bisa = period of validity / validity period

This is a very common Filipino pattern:

• noun + ng + noun

Examples:

• bahay ng guro = the teacher’s house / house of the teacher
• kulay ng kotse = the color of the car

So in your sentence, ng links the nouns together.

Pagkapaso is a noun meaning something like expiration, lapse, or becoming expired.

It comes from the root related to paso in the sense of something no longer valid or no longer current. The prefix pattern pagka- often forms abstract nouns or event nouns.

So:

• pagkapaso = expiration
• petsa ng pagkapaso = date of expiration = expiration date

For a learner, the most practical thing is to remember the whole phrase:

• petsa ng pagkapaso = expiration date

Literally:

• panahon = time, period
• bisa = validity, effectiveness, legal force

So:

• panahon ng bisa = period of validity / validity period

Depending on context, bisa can also mean:

• effectiveness
• force
• legal effect

For example:

• may bisa = valid, in effect
• wala nang bisa = no longer valid, no longer in effect

So in your sentence, panahon ng bisa refers to how long something is valid.

Yes. That is the natural meaning.

Breaking it down:

• petsa = date
• ng pagkapaso = of expiration

So the phrase literally means:

• date of expiration

In normal English, that becomes:

• expiration date

This kind of noun order is very common when translating from Filipino to English:

• Filipino often uses noun + of + noun
• English often turns that into a compound noun

Because Filipino does not work like English in marking plurality.

A few important points:

1. Adjectives do not change for singular or plural

   • malinaw can describe one thing or many things

2. Filipino often does not mark plural unless it needs to

   • the plural marker mga is used when helpful, but not everywhere

3. When two nouns are joined by at (and), that already tells you there is more than one item

   • petsa ... at panahon ...

So even without any extra plural marking, the sentence clearly refers to two things.

Yes.

In this sentence:

• petsa ng pagkapaso at panahon ng bisa

the word at joins two noun phrases:

• petsa ng pagkapaso
• panahon ng bisa

So together they mean:

• expiration date and validity period

This is straightforward coordination, just like English and.

Yes.

A common alternative is:

• Ang petsa ng pagkapaso at panahon ng bisa ay malinaw.

This has the same basic meaning.

The difference is mainly in structure and style:

• Malinaw ang petsa...

  • predicate-first
  • very normal and natural in Filipino

• Ang petsa... ay malinaw.

  • topic-first with ay
  • often feels more formal, emphatic, or written

Both are correct.

No. Malinaw can mean clear in several senses, just like English.

It can describe:

• something visually clear
• something easy to understand
• something definite or explicit
• something legible or plainly shown

In this sentence, malinaw most likely means that the expiration date and validity period are clearly indicated or easy to read/understand.

So it is not limited to visual clarity only.

Yes. Bisa is a flexible word.

Depending on context, it can mean:

• validity
• effect
• force
• legal effect
• efficacy

For example:

• may bisa ang kontrata = the contract is valid / in force
• nawalan ng bisa ang batas = the law lost its force / is no longer in effect

In your sentence, panahon ng bisa is best understood as:

• period of validity
• time during which something is in effect

A helpful literal gloss is:

• Malinaw = clear
• ang = subject/topic marker
• petsa = date
• ng = of
• pagkapaso = expiration
• at = and
• panahon = period/time
• ng = of
• bisa = validity/effect

So a literal rendering would be:

• Clear the date of expiration and period of validity.

More natural English:

• The expiration date and validity period are clear.