کتاب من روی میز است.

A common pronunciation is:

ketâb-e man ru-ye miz ast

A more natural spoken version is often closer to:

ketâb-e man ru-ye mize

Notes:

• کتاب = ketâb
• من = man
• روی = ru / ruy, and before a following noun you hear ru-ye
• میز = miz
• است = ast, but in everyday speech it is often reduced

Persian usually does not write short vowels, so the pronunciation is something you have to learn separately.

Because Persian usually puts the possessed thing first and the possessor after it.

So:

• کتاب من = literally book of me
• natural English meaning = my book

This is very normal in Persian. English says my book, but Persian often uses the pattern:

noun + possessor

So:

• دوست من = my friend
• خانه من = my house

Yes. There is an ezafe sound there.

So although the sentence is written:

کتاب من روی میز است

it is pronounced:

ketâb-e man

That little -e links کتاب to من.

This ezafe is extremely common in Persian. It connects:

• a noun to its possessor: کتابِ من
• a noun to an adjective: کتابِ خوب = a good book

In normal everyday writing, the short vowel for ezafe is usually not written, but native speakers know it is there.

روی means on or on top of.

So:

• روی میز = on the table
• more literally: on table

Again, there is usually an ezafe-like linking pronunciation here too:

ru-ye miz

So even though you see روی میز, you normally hear something like ru-ye miz.

Persian does not use the the way English does.

So میز can mean:

• a table
• the table

The exact meaning depends on context.

In this sentence, English naturally translates it as the table, even though Persian just says میز.

This is very common. Persian often leaves definiteness unstated unless it needs to be made especially clear.

Because Persian normally puts the verb at the end.

The basic order here is:

subject/topic + location phrase + verb

So:

• کتاب من = my book
• روی میز = on the table
• است = is

Literally, Persian is structured like:

My book on the table is.

That final-position verb is one of the most important word-order patterns in Persian.

است means is.

It is the third-person singular form of the verb to be in formal Persian.

So:

• او دانشجو است = He/She is a student
• کتاب روی میز است = The book is on the table

In everyday spoken Persian, است is often shortened or replaced by a spoken ending. So instead of ast, people often say something more like -e:

• formal: روی میز است
• spoken: روی میزه

So a very natural spoken version of the whole sentence is:

ketâb-e man ru-ye mize

Yes, absolutely.

کتابم means my book and is made from:

• کتاب = book
• -م = my

So these are both correct:

• کتاب من روی میز است
• کتابم روی میز است

The difference is mostly style and emphasis:

• کتاب من can sound a bit more explicit or contrastive, like my book
• کتابم is very natural and compact in everyday Persian

Both are common.

The written sentence کتاب من روی میز است is perfectly correct and slightly more formal or neutral.

In everyday speech, many speakers would say something closer to:

کتاب من روی میزه or کتابم روی میزه

That is because است often becomes -e in colloquial Persian.

So:

• است = more formal/written
• -ه / -e = very common in speech

Because standard Persian writing usually leaves out short vowels.

That is why the script:

کتاب من روی میز است

does not show every sound directly.

For example:

• کتاب is written without showing the short vowel in ke-
• the ezafe in کتابِ من is usually not written
• است is written the same way, even though in speech it may sound reduced

This is normal in Persian script. Learners usually rely on:

• vocabulary knowledge
• context
• listening practice
• transliteration at the beginning

This is the most basic and neutral order:

کتاب من روی میز است

But Persian can move things around for emphasis more easily than English can.

For example, روی میز might be moved earlier in some contexts, especially in speech or for focus. Still, for a learner, the safest pattern is:

subject + place + verb

So this sentence is the best standard version to learn first.

You add نیست for is not.

So:

کتاب من روی میز نیست.

This means:

My book is not on the table.

Compare:

• است = is
• نیست = is not

That is a very useful pattern to learn early.