برادرم بعد از کار تلویزیون تماشا میکند، اما مادرم به موسیقی گوش میدهد.

Because Persian often shows possession with a suffix attached directly to the noun.

• برادر = brother
• -م = my

So:

• برادرم = my brother
• مادرم = my mother

This is extremely common in Persian.

Yes. Both are correct:

• برادرم = my brother
• برادر من = my brother

The attached form with the suffix, like برادرم, is very common and natural. The separate form with من can sound more emphatic or a little more explicit, depending on context.

Because Persian is usually a subject–object–verb language, so the verb often comes at the end.

In this sentence:

• برادرم = subject
• بعد از کار = time phrase
• تلویزیون = object/complement
• تماشا می‌کند = verb

And in the second clause:

• مادرم = subject
• به موسیقی = prepositional phrase
• گوش می‌دهد = verb

So this word order is very normal in Persian.

بعد از means after, and کار means work.

So:

• بعد از کار = after work

Literally, بعد means something like after, and از is the preposition from/of that combines with it in this fixed expression. You should learn بعد از as a unit meaning after.

Because Persian does not have a word exactly like the English definite article the.

So کار, تلویزیون, and موسیقی can be understood from context as:

• work
• the work
• television / TV
• music
• the music

If Persian wants to make something indefinite, it can use یک for a/an, but it often does not need to. In this sentence, the nouns are general enough that no article is needed.

This is a very common learner question.

Here, تلویزیون تماشا کردن means to watch TV as a general activity. In this kind of expression, the noun and the verb work together almost like a set phrase.

So:

• تلویزیون تماشا می‌کند = he/she watches TV

Using را is more common when the object is specific and clearly definite. For example:

• فیلم را تماشا می‌کند = he/she watches the film

With تلویزیون, leaving out را sounds natural when you mean the activity watching television.

Because the verb گوش دادن normally takes به before the thing you listen to.

So:

• به موسیقی گوش می‌دهد = he/she listens to music

This is just how the verb works in Persian. English says listen to, and Persian also uses a preposition here: به.

Other examples:

• به رادیو گوش می‌دهد = listens to the radio
• به حرف من گوش بده = listen to what I say / listen to me

Literally, گوش دادن means something like to give ear, but in normal Persian it simply means to listen.

Breakdown:

• گوش = ear
• دادن = to give

So although the literal image is different from English, you should understand گوش دادن as the normal everyday verb to listen.

These are both compound verbs, which are very common in Persian.

1. تماشا کردن = to watch

   • تماشا is the non-verbal element
   • کردن = to do

2. گوش دادن = to listen

   • گوش is the non-verbal element
   • دادن = to give

In the present tense, Persian usually adds می- to the present form of the verb:

• می‌کند = does
• می‌دهد = gives

So:

• تماشا می‌کند = watches
• گوش می‌دهد = listens

Because both subjects are third person singular:

• برادرم = my brother
• مادرم = my mother

In Persian present tense, third person singular often ends in -د:

• می‌کند = he/she does
• می‌دهد = he/she gives

Persian verbs do not change for masculine vs. feminine. So the same verb form can mean:

• he watches / she watches
• he listens / she listens

The noun tells you who the subject is.

Yes. اما means but, and ولی also means but.

• اما can sound a little more formal or written
• ولی is very common in everyday speech

So this sentence could also be said with ولی and still sound natural.

Because Persian spelling in everyday writing is not always consistent.

The standard modern spelling is usually:

• می‌کند
• می‌دهد

This uses a half-space between می and the verb stem.

But many people also write:

• میکند
• می کند

These are very common in informal typing. So if you see different versions, they usually mean the same thing.

A common transliteration is:

barâdaram ba'd az kâr televizion tamâshâ mikonad, ammâ mâdaram be موسیقی gush midahad

A smoother pronunciation guide in English-style letters would be:

barâdaram bad az kâr televiziôn tamâshâ mikonad, ammâ mâdaram be musiqi gush midahad

Very roughly:

• برادرم = ba-RAA-da-ram
• بعد از کار = bad az kâr
• تلویزیون = te-le-vi-zi-ON
• تماشا می‌کند = ta-MAA-shâ mi-ko-nad
• اما = am-MÂ
• مادرم = MAA-da-ram
• به موسیقی گوش می‌دهد = be mu-si-QI gush mi-da-had

Most naturally, it suggests a habitual or usual action:

• My brother watches TV after work, but my mother listens to music.

The prefix می- in this kind of sentence often gives a present meaning that can be understood as habitual, general, or ongoing, depending on context. Without extra context, English usually translates it as a simple present habit.