من خبر دارم که او امروز به مدرسه نمی آید.

A careful transliteration is:

man khabar dāram ke u emruz be madrese nemi-āyad

A few pronunciation notes:

• kh in khabar is the throaty sound in German Bach or Scottish loch
• u in او is like oo in food
• emruz is often heard as emrooz
• nemi-āyad is the formal pronunciation; in everyday speech it often sounds closer to nemiād

If you want a very rough English-friendly reading, you could think:

man kha-BAR DAA-ram ke oo em-ROOZ be mad-re-SE ne-mee-AA-yad

Yes, you often can.

Persian verbs usually show the subject clearly, so دارم already tells you the subject is I. That means:

• من خبر دارم = I know / I’m aware
• خبر دارم = also I know / I’m aware

Including من adds a little emphasis or clarity, especially if you want to contrast it with someone else:

• من خبر دارم، ولی او خبر ندارد
  I know, but he/she doesn’t

So in this sentence, من is correct, but not strictly necessary.

It can mean either one.

Persian third-person singular pronouns do not mark gender the way English does. So او can mean:

• he
• she

The context tells you which one is meant.

This is very normal in Persian. English speakers often look for a gender distinction, but Persian usually does not make one here.

In formal or written Persian, yes. In everyday speech, people more often say اون.

So you may see:

• formal/written: او امروز به مدرسه نمی‌آید
• colloquial/spoken: اون امروز به مدرسه نمیاد

Both are correct for their style level. As a learner, it is good to recognize both:

• او = more formal, written
• اون = more common in conversation

خبر دارم literally means something like I have news/information, but as an expression it means:

• I know
• I’m aware
• I have information that...

It is a common Persian expression.

Compare:

• خبر دارم که... = I’m aware / I’ve heard / I know that...
• می‌دانم که... = I know that...

Both can work, but the feeling is a little different:

• می‌دانم is the plain, direct verb to know
• خبر دارم can feel more like I’m informed / I’ve heard / I’m aware

So this sentence is very natural, especially if the speaker means they have information about the situation.

که means that and introduces the following clause.

So the structure is:

• من خبر دارم = I know / I’m aware
• که او امروز به مدرسه نمی‌آید = that he/she is not coming to school today

It works like English that in sentences such as:

• I know that...
• She said that...
• We heard that...

In Persian, که is very common after verbs of knowing, saying, hearing, thinking, and similar ideas.

Sometimes in casual speech, yes, but keeping it is the safest choice.

For learners, it is best to use که in sentences like this:

• می‌دانم که...
• فکر می‌کنم که...
• خبر دارم که...

If you leave it out, native speakers may still understand you, but the sentence can feel less clear or less natural, especially in writing.

So for now, think of که as the normal connector here.

Because Persian usually prefers the verb near the end of the clause.

In English, you say:

• He is not coming to school today

But Persian often puts elements in this order:

• subject
• time/place information
• verb at the end

So:

• او امروز به مدرسه نمی‌آید

This verb-final tendency is especially common in subordinate clauses like the one after که.

That is one of the biggest word-order differences between English and Persian.

Yes, Persian word order is somewhat flexible, but some positions sound more natural than others.

This version is very natural:

• او امروز به مدرسه نمی‌آید

You could also hear:

• امروز او به مدرسه نمی‌آید

Both are fine. Moving امروز changes emphasis slightly:

• امروز او... puts more focus on today
• او امروز... keeps the focus a bit more balanced

What usually stays the same is that the main verb still comes at or near the end.

به means to, and with آمدن it marks the destination:

• به مدرسه = to school
• literally, to the school/school

So in standard Persian:

• او به مدرسه می‌آید = He/She comes to school

In casual speech, especially with common places like school, home, or work, speakers sometimes drop به:

• اون امروز مدرسه نمیاد

That is very common in conversation, but for careful standard Persian, به مدرسه is a good choice.

Because Persian does not have a definite article like English the.

So مدرسه can mean:

• school
• the school

The exact meaning comes from context.

If Persian wants to make something indefinite, it can use یک or sometimes -ی:

• یک مدرسه = a school
• مدرسه‌ای = a school / some school

But for definite nouns, Persian usually just uses the bare noun:

• به مدرسه = to school / to the school

It has several parts:

• نـ = negative prefix
• می = imperfective/present marker
• آی = present stem of آمدن
• ـد = third-person singular ending

So:

• می‌آید = he/she comes / is coming
• نمی‌آید = he/she does not come / is not coming

This is useful to recognize, because many Persian present-tense verbs use the same pattern:

• می‌نویسد = he/she writes
• نمی‌نویسد = he/she does not write

One extra point: آمدن is a little irregular, because its present stem is آی rather than something that looks like آمد.

The more standard spelling is نمی‌آید.

That form uses a half-space or zero-width non-joiner between می and the verb. The same thing happens with many Persian verb forms:

• می‌رود
• نمی‌خواهد
• می‌آید

But in informal typing, many people use a normal space:

• نمی آید

Both are understood, but if you want standard written Persian, use نمی‌آید.

Because Persian present forms cover a wider range than English learners often expect.

نمی‌آید can mean, depending on context:

• does not come
• is not coming
• sometimes even will not come

Here, because of امروز, it naturally refers to today’s situation, so English often translates it with a present progressive:

• is not coming today

So even though Persian uses a present form, the meaning can match English is not coming very well.

A very natural colloquial version would be something like:

خبر دارم که اون امروز مدرسه نمیاد

You may also hear:

می‌دونم که اون امروز مدرسه نمیاد

Compared with the original sentence:

• او becomes اون
• نمی‌آید becomes نمیاد
• به is often dropped before مدرسه
• می‌دانم becomes می‌دونم in speech

So the original sentence is good standard Persian, while the colloquial version sounds more everyday and spoken.