پدرم امروز در خانه است و دارد صبحانه میخورد.

پدرم means my father.

The base word is پدر = father.
The ending -م is a possessive ending meaning my.

So:

• پدر = father
• پدرم = my father

This is very common in Persian. Instead of using a separate word for my, Persian often attaches it to the noun.

For example:

• مادرم = my mother
• دوستم = my friend
• کتابم = my book

Persian often leaves out subject pronouns when they are already clear from context or from the verb.

In this sentence, پدرم already tells you who the subject is: my father. Because of that, Persian does not need to add او (he).

So English says:

• My father is at home and he is eating breakfast

But Persian naturally says:

• پدرم امروز در خانه است و دارد صبحانه می‌خورد

without needing a separate he.

امروز means today.

It is a time word, and in Persian, time expressions are often placed near the beginning of the sentence, but they can sometimes move depending on style and emphasis.

In this sentence:

• پدرم امروز در خانه است = My father is at home today

You could also hear similar word orders in other contexts, but امروز near the beginning is very natural.

Persian is somewhat flexible with word order, especially for adverbs like today, but the version in your sentence sounds normal and standard.

در خانه means at home or literally in the house/home.

Breakdown:

• در = in / at
• خانه = house / home

So:

• در خانه = in the house / at home

Persian often uses در where English would say at.

For example:

• در مدرسه = at school / in school
• در اداره = at the office
• در خانه = at home

است is the third-person singular form of the verb to be in formal written Persian. Here it means is.

So:

• پدرم امروز در خانه است = My father is at home today

In everyday speech, است is often shortened or pronounced differently:

• در خانه‌ست
• sometimes just implied in very casual speech

But in standard writing, است is completely correct.

They do different jobs here.

• است means is and links the subject to a state or location:

  • پدرم در خانه است = My father is at home

• دارد literally means has, but in modern Persian it is also used to form the present progressive, similar to English is ...-ing:

  • دارد صبحانه می‌خورد = He is eating breakfast

So in this sentence:

• است = is
• دارد ... می‌خورد = is eating

They are not redundant; each one belongs to a different part of the sentence.

Here دارد helps show that the action is happening right now.

The structure is:

• داشتن in the correct form + main verb in present form

So:

• دارد می‌خورد = is eating
• literally something like has, eats, but functionally it means is eating

This is the Persian present progressive.

Compare:

• صبحانه می‌خورد = he eats breakfast / he is eating breakfast
  depending on context
• دارد صبحانه می‌خورد = he is eating breakfast right now

Using دارد makes the ongoing action more explicit.

می‌خورد comes from the verb خوردن = to eat.

Breakdown:

• خور = present stem
• می‌ = present/imperfective marker
• د = third-person singular ending

So:

• می‌خورد = he/she eats / is eating

In this sentence, because of دارد, it specifically means:

• is eating

So:

• دارد صبحانه می‌خورد = he is eating breakfast

The standard spelling is می‌خورد with a half-space (also called a zero-width non-joiner) between می and the verb.

So the most standard written form is:

• می‌خورد

But many people type it informally as:

• میخورد

Both are understood, but می‌خورد is better in careful writing, textbooks, and edited Persian.

The same applies to many verbs:

• می‌رود
• می‌بیند
• می‌نویسد

Persian does not use articles the same way English does.

صبحانه means breakfast, and meals often appear without an article, just like in English:

• He is eating breakfast
• not necessarily He is eating a breakfast

So:

• صبحانه می‌خورد = is eating breakfast

This is completely natural.

Persian can mark indefiniteness in some cases with -ی, but with meal words like breakfast, it is usually unnecessary.

Persian normally follows SOV word order:

• Subject – Object – Verb

So:

• پدرم = subject
• صبحانه = object
• می‌خورد = verb

That is why Persian says:

• پدرم ... صبحانه می‌خورد

where English would say:

• My father ... eats breakfast

This verb-final pattern is one of the most important differences between Persian and English.

Yes. You could say:

• پدرم امروز در خانه است و صبحانه می‌خورد

This can still mean My father is at home today and is eating breakfast, depending on context.

However:

• می‌خورد by itself can mean eats or is eating
• دارد ... می‌خورد makes the right now / ongoing meaning clearer

So adding دارد emphasizes that the action is in progress at this moment.

A natural transliteration is:

pedaram emruz dar khâne ast va dâre sobhâne mikhore

A slightly more careful breakdown:

• پدرم = pedaram
• امروز = emruz
• در خانه است = dar khâne ast
• و = va
• دارد = dâre in natural speech, though the formal form is dârad
• صبحانه = sobhâne
• می‌خورد = mikhore in everyday pronunciation, though formally it corresponds to mikhorad

In normal spoken Persian, some written endings are pronounced more lightly than they look in formal writing.

It is mostly standard Persian, but it sits comfortably between written and spoken usage.

A few points:

• است is standard and slightly more formal in writing
• دارد ... می‌خورد is normal and common
• In everyday speech, people may pronounce parts more casually, for example:
  • در خانه‌ست
  • داره صبحانه می‌خوره

So a spoken version might sound like:

• pedaram emruz dar khune-st o dâre sobhune mikhore

But the written sentence you were given is perfectly normal and good for learners.