مادرم دارد آشپزخانه را تمیز میکند.

Because Persian often adds possessive endings directly to nouns.

• مادر = mother
• -م = my
• مادرم = my mother

So instead of using a separate word for my, Persian can attach it to the noun itself. You can also say مادر من, but مادرم is very common and natural.

It could be, but مادرم is shorter and usually more natural in everyday Persian.

Both mean my mother:

• مادرم
• مادر من

The attached form is often preferred unless you want extra emphasis, contrast, or a slightly more explicit phrasing.

Here دارد helps make the action sound ongoing right now.

By itself, داشتن usually means to have, but in sentences like this it works as a kind of progressive helper:

• دارد ... می‌کند = is doing / is cleaning

So دارد helps give the sense of is cleaning rather than just cleans.

Yes.

You could say:

• مادرم آشپزخانه را تمیز می‌کند.

That can mean something like:

• My mother cleans the kitchen
• My mother is cleaning the kitchen

The exact meaning depends on context. Adding دارد makes the right now / in progress meaning clearer.

را is the direct object marker. It shows what noun is receiving the action.

Here:

• آشپزخانه را = the kitchen as the thing being cleaned

It often appears with a specific or definite direct object.

In careful written Persian it is written را. In speech, it is often pronounced more like ro.

Because Persian usually uses subject–object–verb order, while English usually uses subject–verb–object order.

So English:

• My mother is cleaning the kitchen

Persian structure:

• My mother / the kitchen / cleaning-is-doing

That is normal Persian word order. The main verb usually comes at the end.

It is part of a compound verb.

The dictionary form is:

• تمیز کردن = to clean

This has:

• تمیز = the non-verbal part
• کردن = to do, used here as a light verb

In Persian, many actions are expressed this way. The light verb is the part that changes for tense and person:

• تمیز می‌کنم = I clean / I am cleaning
• تمیز می‌کند = he/she cleans / is cleaning

So even though it looks like more than one word, it functions as one verbal idea: to clean.

Persian does not usually have a normal definite article like English the.

So Persian often leaves definiteness to:

• context
• word order
• markers like را

That is why آشپزخانه را can naturally mean the kitchen in this sentence, even without a separate word for the.

A careful pronunciation would be roughly:

• mâdaram dârad âshpazkhâne râ tamiz mikonad

A common spoken version would sound more like:

• mâdaram dâre âshpazkhune ro tamiz mikone

So learners will often hear more colloquial forms in conversation, even when the written sentence is more formal.

می‌کند is the standard modern spelling.

It uses a half-space between می and the verb. But many people type it informally as میکند without that half-space.

So:

• می‌کند = standard
• میکند = common informal typing

They mean the same thing. The same spelling issue appears in many verbs, such as:

• می‌رود
• می‌گوید
• می‌نویسد

It is closer to standard written Persian.

A more conversational version might be:

• مادرم داره آشپزخونه رو تمیز می‌کنه.

Main differences:

• دارد → داره
• آشپزخانه → آشپزخونه
• را → رو
• می‌کند → می‌کنه

So the original sentence is perfectly good Persian, but everyday speech often sounds more relaxed than the written form.