مدرسه برادرم از خانه ما دور است، پس او با اتوبوس میرود.

This is a possession structure in Persian.

• مدرسه = school
• برادرم = my brother

So literally it is school of my brother, which in natural English becomes my brother's school.

A key point: in pronunciation, there is an ezafe sound between the two words:

• madrese-ye barâdaram

In normal Persian writing, that -e / -ye sound is often not written, but it is understood.

Also, برادرم breaks down like this:

• برادر = brother
• -م = my

So برادرم = my brother.

Persian usually does not use an apostrophe like English 's, and it often does not use a separate word like of either. Instead, it uses the ezafe construction.

So:

• مدرسه برادرم
• pronounced madrese-ye barâdaram

This connecting sound links the two nouns and shows that the first one belongs to or is related to the second one.

You can think of it as functioning a bit like:

• the school of my brother
• my brother's school

Both ideas are packed into the Persian structure.

Because Persian uses از to mean from in this kind of expression.

• از = from
• خانه ما = our house
• دور = far
• است = is

So از خانه ما دور است literally means:

• is far from our house

This is the normal Persian pattern:

• X از Y دور است = X is far from Y

For example:

• دانشگاه از اینجا دور است = The university is far from here.

Both are possible in Persian.

In your sentence:

• خانه ما = our house
  literally: house of us

This is very common and natural.

But Persian can also attach the possessive ending directly:

• خانه‌مان = our house

So these are both possible:

• خانه ما
• خانه‌مان

They are very similar in meaning. The version with ما may feel a little more separate and clear to beginners, while خانه‌مان is also very common in natural Persian.

Because دور است means is far.

In Persian, adjectives used as predicates usually come before است:

• خوب است = is good
• بزرگ است = is big
• دور است = is far

So:

• مدرسه برادرم از خانه ما دور است
• literally: My brother's school from our house far is

This is normal Persian word order.

Persian normally puts the verb at the end of the clause.

So in:

• پس او با اتوبوس می‌رود

the order is roughly:

• so + he + by bus + goes

This is different from English, where the verb comes earlier:

• So he goes by bus

This verb-final pattern is one of the most important features of Persian sentence structure.

پس means so, therefore, or then, depending on context.

In your sentence, it connects the two ideas:

• the school is far from the house
• so he goes by bus

So here پس is best understood as:

• so
• therefore

It shows a result or conclusion.

Yes, Persian often leaves subject pronouns out when the verb already makes the subject clear.

So both of these can work:

• پس او با اتوبوس می‌رود
• پس با اتوبوس می‌رود

The version with او is still correct. It may be used for clarity, emphasis, or contrast.

For example, if you are specifically talking about your brother, keeping او can make the sentence feel a little clearer:

• So he goes by bus

But in everyday Persian, dropping the pronoun is very common.

Yes, با often means with, but it is also used for means of transportation.

So:

• با اتوبوس = by bus
• با ماشین = by car
• با قطار = by train

Literally, it may feel like with a bus, but in natural English translation it is usually by bus.

This is a very common Persian pattern.

In standard modern Persian spelling, می‌رود is preferred.

• می‌ = present/imperfective prefix
• رود = goes

These are usually written with a small joiner called a half-space:

• می‌رود

But many people write it without the half-space in informal typing:

• میرود

Both will be understood, but می‌رود is the standard spelling.

می‌رود is from the verb رفتن = to go.

Here is the breakdown:

• می‌- = present/imperfective marker
• رو / رود = present stem area of go
• -د = third person singular ending

So می‌رود means:

• he/she goes
• he/she is going
  depending on context

In your sentence, because it describes a usual way of traveling, it is best understood as:

• he goes by bus

No, اتوبوس is a loanword, ultimately from bus / autobus. Persian has many everyday borrowed words, and اتوبوس is completely normal and common.

So learners should not be surprised that some common Persian words come from French, Arabic, English, or other languages.

Persian does not have a definite article like English the.

So a word like مدرسه can mean:

• a school
• the school

The context tells you which one is meant.

In your sentence, مدرسه برادرم is naturally understood as a specific school:

• my brother's school

So English uses the where Persian does not need anything.

Yes. The sentence you gave is correct, but in conversation, speakers might make small changes.

For example:

• مدرسهٔ برادرم از خانهٔ ما دوره، پس با اتوبوس می‌ره.

This is more colloquial because:

• است becomes ـه in speech: دوره
• می‌رود becomes می‌ره
• او is omitted, which is very common

But for learners, the original version is a good clear standard sentence:

• مدرسه برادرم از خانه ما دور است، پس او با اتوبوس می‌رود.