Questions & Answers about Hodiaŭ estas malvarme, do mi portas mian mantelon.
Because malvarme is an adverb, and Esperanto usually uses an adverb in impersonal weather-style expressions:
- Estas varme. = It is warm.
- Estas malvarme. = It is cold.
English uses a dummy subject, it, but Esperanto does not need one. So the structure is just estas + adverb.
By contrast, malvarma is an adjective and would describe a noun:
- La vetero estas malvarma. = The weather is cold.
- La akvo estas malvarma. = The water is cold.
So in your sentence, estas malvarme is the normal way to say it is cold.
Esperanto does not use a meaningless subject like English it in expressions such as it is cold, it is raining, and similar cases.
So English:
- It is cold.
Esperanto:
- Estas malvarme.
This is completely normal. The verb can stand without an expressed subject in these impersonal expressions.
Hodiaŭ means today. It is an adverb of time.
In Hodiaŭ estas malvarme, it tells you it is cold: .