Kiom da tempo restas ĝis via rendevuo?

In Esperanto, kiom da + noun is the normal pattern for how much/how many of something.

• kiom da tempo = how much time
• kiom da akvo = how much water
• kiom da libroj = how many books

So da is needed because you are asking about an amount of tempo.

If you said kiom tempo, many learners might understand you, but standard Esperanto prefers kiom da tempo.

After da, Esperanto normally uses the noun in its basic form, not plural unless the meaning really requires plural.

So:

• kiom da tempo = how much time
• kiom da mono = how much money
• kiom da homoj = how many people — plural here because people is a countable plural idea

Since time here is treated as an uncountable amount, Esperanto uses singular tempo.

Restas comes from resti, which means to remain or to be left.

So Kiom da tempo restas...? literally means:

How much time remains...?

This is a very natural way to say How much time is left...? in Esperanto.

People would probably understand it, but restas is more natural here than estas.

• Kiom da tempo restas ĝis via rendevuo? = How much time is left until your appointment?
• Kiom da tempo estas ĝis via rendevuo? sounds more like How much time is there until your appointment?

That second version is not impossible, but restas is the better, more idiomatic choice when you mean is left.

Ĝis means until, up to, or as far as.

Here it marks the endpoint in time:

• ĝis via rendevuo = until your appointment

So the sentence is asking how much time remains between now and that future point.

Because via rendevuo is the object of the preposition ĝis.

In Esperanto, prepositions normally show the grammatical role by themselves, so you usually do not add -n after them.

So:

• ĝis via rendevuo = correct

Not:

• ĝis vian rendevuon

The accusative -n is mainly for direct objects and some motion/direction uses, but not normally after ĝis.

Via means your.

It does not tell you by itself whether it is:

• singular your
• plural your
• formal your

Esperanto uses vi and via for all of those, just like modern English you/your.

So via rendevuo can mean:

• your appointment
• your meeting
• your date

depending on context.

No. Rendevuo can mean:

• an appointment
• a meeting
• a date

The exact meaning depends on context.

So in this sentence, if the meaning shown to the learner is appointment, that is perfectly normal. But in another context, rendevuo might suggest a planned meeting with a friend or even a romantic date.

Because this is not a yes/no question. It is a question-word question.

• Ĉu is used for yes/no questions:
  • Ĉu vi venos? = Will you come?
• Kiom is used when asking how much/how many:
  • Kiom da tempo restas? = How much time is left?

So once you already have kiom, you do not use ĉu.

A rough English-friendly pronunciation is:

KEE-om da TEM-po RES-tas jees VEE-a ren-deh-VOO-o

A few helpful notes:

• kiom = KEE-om
• tempo has stress on TEM
• restas has stress on RES
• ĝis starts with ĝ, like the j in jam
• via is VEE-a
• rendevuo has stress on VU: ren-deh-VOO-o

In Esperanto, stress is almost always on the second-to-last syllable.

The given word order is the most natural one:

Kiom da tempo restas ĝis via rendevuo?

Esperanto word order is fairly flexible, but that does not mean all orders sound equally natural. This version is clear and standard:

• Kiom da tempo = what amount of time
• restas = remains
• ĝis via rendevuo = until your appointment

A different order might still be understandable, but this is the one a learner should copy first.

The subject is tempo.

More exactly, kiom da tempo functions as the subject-like phrase: how much time.

So the structure is roughly:

• Kiom da tempo = subject phrase
• restas = verb
• ĝis via rendevuo = prepositional phrase showing the endpoint

That is why the verb is in the singular: restas, agreeing with tempo as a singular idea.