Ni komencos la lecionon post mallonga paŭzo.

Yes. In Esperanto, -os marks the future tense.

• komenci = to begin / to start
• komencos = will begin / will start

So:

• mi komencos = I will start
• ni komencos = we will start

This is one of the regular verb endings in Esperanto:

• -as = present
• -is = past
• -os = future
• -us = conditional
• -u = command / wish
• -i = infinitive

So Ni komencos means We will begin or We will start.

The -n shows the direct object.

In this sentence, la lecionon is the thing being started. In other words, it is what the action of komencos is acting on.

• Ni komencos la lecionon. = We will start the lesson.

Compare:

• la leciono = the lesson
• la lecionon = the lesson, as a direct object

Esperanto uses -n very regularly for direct objects, much more consistently than English does.

La means the.

So la lecionon means the lesson, not just a lesson. The sentence suggests that both speaker and listener know which lesson is being talked about.

• Ni komencos la lecionon = We will start the lesson.
• Ni komencos lecionon = We will start a lesson.

The version with la is more natural if there is a specific lesson already understood from the situation.

Yes. mal- is a very common Esperanto prefix meaning the opposite of.

• longa = long
• mallonga = short

So mallonga paŭzo means a short break.

This is a very productive pattern in Esperanto. For example:

• bona = good → malbona = bad
• granda = big → malgranda = small
• varma = warm → malvarma = cold

In mallonga, the double l happens because:

• mal- ends in l
• longa begins with l

So they come together as mallonga.

Because mallonga is an adjective, and it describes the noun paŭzo.

• paŭzo = break / pause
• mallonga paŭzo = short break

The ending -a marks an adjective.

By contrast, mallonge is an adverb:

• mallonge = briefly / in a short way

So:

• mallonga paŭzo = a short break
• Ni parolos mallonge. = We will speak briefly.

Because post is a preposition, and nouns after prepositions normally do not take the direct-object -n.

So:

• post mallonga paŭzo = after a short break

Here, mallonga paŭzo is simply the object of the preposition post.

The -n ending is mainly for direct objects, and paŭzo is not the direct object here. The direct object in the sentence is la lecionon.

Post means after.

So:

• post mallonga paŭzo = after a short break

It introduces a time relationship: first the break happens, then the lesson starts.

Some useful related prepositions are:

• antaŭ = before
• dum = during
• post = after

Examples:

• antaŭ la leciono = before the lesson
• dum la leciono = during the lesson
• post la leciono = after the lesson

Yes. Esperanto word order is fairly flexible, because endings like -n make the grammatical roles clear.

The original sentence is:

• Ni komencos la lecionon post mallonga paŭzo.

But you could also say:

• Post mallonga paŭzo ni komencos la lecionon.

This version may sound a little more like After a short break, we will start the lesson.

Both are correct. The difference is mainly one of emphasis and style.

In paŭzo, the ŭ is a very short w-like sound. It does not usually act like a full vowel.

So paŭ sounds roughly like pow in English pow!, though not exactly the same.

A rough pronunciation guide for the whole word is:

• paŭzo ≈ POW-zo

Also remember:

• z is pronounced like English z
• aŭ is a common Esperanto sound combination, similar to a diphthong

So the full sentence is roughly:

• Nee ko-men-TSOS la le-tsyo-NON post mal-LON-ga POW-zo

Yes. Here komenci is being used transitively, meaning to start something.

• Ni komencos la lecionon. = We will start the lesson.

You can also express a similar idea in a more intransitive way, where the lesson itself begins:

• La leciono komenciĝos post mallonga paŭzo. = The lesson will begin after a short break.

The difference is:

• Ni komencos la lecionon = we are the ones starting it
• La leciono komenciĝos = the lesson will begin

Both are natural, but the original sentence specifically focuses on we as the agents.

It does agree with the noun.

In Esperanto, adjectives agree with nouns in number and case.

Here:

• mallonga is singular
• paŭzo is singular

So the agreement is correct.

If the noun were plural, the adjective would also become plural:

• mallongaj paŭzoj = short breaks

If both were plural direct objects, both would take -n too:

• mallongajn paŭzojn

In the actual sentence, though, we have just one break:

• post mallonga paŭzo = after a short break

So singular mallonga paŭzo is exactly right.