La biblioteko estas pli silenta ol la kafejo, do multaj studentoj lernas tie vespere.

Esperanto makes comparisons with:

• pli = more
• ol = than

So:

• silenta = quiet
• pli silenta = quieter / more quiet
• pli silenta ol la kafejo = quieter than the café

This is the normal comparative pattern in Esperanto:

• pli granda ol... = bigger than...
• pli rapida ol... = faster than...
• pli interesa ol... = more interesting than...

Unlike English, Esperanto does not usually change the adjective itself into a special comparative form like quiet → quieter. It simply adds pli.

Because silenta is an adjective, and Esperanto adjectives always end in -a.

In this sentence, silenta describes la biblioteko, so it stays an adjective:

• la biblioteko = the library
• estas silenta = is quiet

After estas, Esperanto often uses an adjective just like English does:

• La ĉambro estas granda. = The room is big.
• La infanoj estas feliĉaj. = The children are happy.

Here it is singular because biblioteko is singular:

• silenta = quiet (singular)
• silentaj = quiet (plural)

La is Esperanto’s definite article, meaning the.

So:

• la biblioteko = the library
• la kafejo = the café

A few useful points:

• la never changes form
• it is used for singular and plural
• it does not change for gender or case

Examples:

• la libro = the book
• la libroj = the books
• la granda domo = the big house

In this sentence, both places are specific enough to be referred to as the library and the café.

Because both the adjective and the noun are plural.

In Esperanto:

• nouns end in -o
• plural nouns add -j
• adjectives agree with the noun, so they also take -j in the plural

So:

• studento = student
• studentoj = students
• multa studento = much/many student — incorrect here
• multaj studentoj = many students

This agreement is very important in Esperanto:

• bona libro = a good book
• bonaj libroj = good books
• multaj studentoj = many students

Because Esperanto verbs do not change according to person or number.

The ending -as always means present tense:

• mi lernas = I learn / am learning
• vi lernas = you learn / are learning
• li lernas = he learns / is learning
• ili lernas = they learn / are learning

So in this sentence:

• multaj studentoj lernas = many students learn / are studying

This is much simpler than English, where the verb changes in forms like learn vs learns.

Do means so, therefore, or thus.

It shows that the second part follows logically from the first:

• La biblioteko estas pli silenta ol la kafejo = The library is quieter than the café
• do multaj studentoj lernas tie vespere = so many students study there in the evening

So do connects cause and result.

Compare:

• Estas malvarme, do mi portas jakon. = It is cold, so I wear a jacket.
• Li estas laca, do li dormas. = He is tired, so he sleeps.

Because tie means there in the sense of location, while tien means to there / thereward in the sense of movement toward a place.

In this sentence, the students are studying in that place, not moving toward it:

• tie = there
• tien = to there / there (with motion)

So:

• Ili lernas tie. = They study there.
• Ili iras tien. = They go there.

A very common Esperanto distinction is:

• -e forms often indicate location or manner
• -n can mark direction toward something

Because it tells when the studying happens: in the evening.

The ending -e marks adverbs in Esperanto. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

So here:

• lernas = study
• vespere = in the evening / evenings

It tells us when they study.

Compare:

• rapida = quick (adjective)
• rapide = quickly (adverb)

And:

• matene = in the morning
• tage = by day / during the day
• nokte = at night
• vespere = in the evening

Yes, depending on context.

Esperanto often leaves number less explicit in adverbial time expressions like this. So vespere can mean:

• in the evening
• in the evenings
• during the evening

The exact English translation depends on the context. In this sentence, because it says many students study there, English might naturally use either:

• there in the evening
• there in the evenings

Both can make sense.

Because nothing here needs it.

In Esperanto, -n is mainly used for:

1. a direct object
2. motion toward a place
3. some time expressions

In this sentence:

• la biblioteko is the subject
• la kafejo comes after ol, not as a direct object
• tie is location, not motion
• vespere is already an adverb

So no accusative is needed.

For comparison:

• Mi vidas la kafejon. = I see the café.
  (kafejon is a direct object)

• Mi iras al la biblioteko. = I am going to the library.
  or Mi iras bibliotekon would not be normal here; usually you would use al la biblioteko

• Mi iras tien. = I go there.
  (-n shows direction in tien)

Not completely. Esperanto word order is fairly flexible, though some orders sound more natural than others.

The sentence as written is very natural:

• La biblioteko estas pli silenta ol la kafejo, do multaj studentoj lernas tie vespere.

You could rearrange parts of the second clause for emphasis, for example:

• ... do tie multaj studentoj lernas vespere.
• ... do multaj studentoj vespere lernas tie.

But the original order is the clearest and most neutral.

Esperanto often relies more on endings than English does, so word order can move around more freely. Still, learners should usually start with the most straightforward order.

Yes. In actual usage, lerni often covers both ideas, though context matters.

Here, multaj studentoj lernas tie vespere most naturally means:

• many students study there in the evening

But literally, lerni is connected with learning. Esperanto also has:

• studi = study

In many contexts, both can appear, but lernas is perfectly normal here. A learner should simply note that Esperanto vocabulary does not always divide meanings in exactly the same way English does.

A rough English-friendly pronunciation would be:

lah bee-blee-oh-TEH-koh EH-stahs plee see-LEN-tah ol lah kah-FEY-yoh, doh MAHL-tah-y stoo-DEN-toy LEHR-nahs TEE-eh vehs-PEH-reh

A few useful pronunciation notes:

• j sounds like English y
• e is always a clear eh
• o is always a clear oh
• stress is always on the second-to-last syllable

So:

• biblioteko → bib-lio-TE-ko
• kafejo → ka-FE-jo
• studentoj → stu-DEN-toj
• vespere → ves-PE-re

Because ol is the standard Esperanto word used after comparisons.

So when you compare two things, the pattern is:

• pli ... ol ... = more ... than ...
• malpli ... ol ... = less ... than ...

Examples:

• Ŝi estas pli alta ol mi. = She is taller than I am.
• Tiu libro estas malpli interesa ol ĉi tiu. = That book is less interesting than this one.

So in your sentence:

• pli silenta ol la kafejo = quieter than the café

This is simply the normal grammatical construction.