Mi malfermas la buŝon, kaj la kuracisto rigardas ankaŭ mian nazon.

Because Esperanto often builds opposites with the prefix mal-.

• fermi = to close, to shut
• malfermi = to open

So mi malfermas means I open or I am opening.

This mal- prefix is very common in Esperanto, so it is worth learning early.

They are direct objects, and Esperanto marks direct objects with -n.

Here:

• Mi malfermas la buŝon = I open the mouth
  
  • What do I open? the mouth
• la kuracisto rigardas mian nazon = the doctor looks at my nose
  
  • What does the doctor look at? my nose

So both buŝo and nazo become:

• buŝon
• nazon

This is called the accusative ending.

Because mia is an adjective-like possessive word, and adjectives in Esperanto must agree with the noun.

The base forms are:

• mia nazo = my nose

But since nazon is a direct object and takes -n, the possessive must match:

• mian nazon = my nose, as a direct object

So:

• mia nazo = subject form
• mian nazon = object form

This agreement rule applies to ordinary adjectives too.

With body parts, Esperanto often uses la when the owner is already obvious from the context.

So Mi malfermas la buŝon naturally means I open my mouth.

This is similar to other body-part expressions in Esperanto, such as:

• Mi lavas la manojn = I wash my hands

You could say mian buŝon, but la buŝon is very natural when it is clearly your own mouth.

Because here the speaker wants to make the owner explicit.

In the sentence there are two people:

• mi
• la kuracisto

So mian nazon clearly means my nose, not someone else’s.

Using la nazon might still be understandable from context, but mian nazon is clearer and more specific.

Ankaŭ means also or too.

In this sentence:

• la kuracisto rigardas ankaŭ mian nazon

it means the doctor looks at my nose as well.

Its position can be somewhat flexible, but its placement can slightly affect what feels emphasized. Here it most naturally suggests that the doctor is looking at my nose in addition to something else.

Because rigardi means to look at, while vidi means to see.

• rigardi = actively direct your eyes toward something
• vidi = perceive something with your eyes

A doctor examining a patient would normally look at the nose, so rigardas is the natural choice.

Yes. Esperanto does not have a separate grammatical form for the English progressive.

So:

• mi malfermas can mean I open or I am opening
• rigardas can mean looks or is looking

The exact meaning depends on context.

In a sentence like this, many learners would naturally understand it as an action happening now.

The suffix -isto often means a person whose job, role, or activity is connected with something.

Here:

• kuraci = to treat medically
• kuracisto = a person who treats medically, so doctor

This is a very productive Esperanto suffix. For example:

• piano → pianisto = pianist
• arto → artisto = artist

Because it refers to a specific doctor in the situation: the doctor.

Esperanto uses la much like English uses the. In this sentence, the listener is expected to know which doctor is meant — for example, the doctor examining the speaker.

So:

• kuracisto = a doctor
• la kuracisto = the doctor

• ŝ is pronounced like English sh
  • buŝo sounds roughly like BOO-sho
• aŭ is a diphthong, pronounced roughly like ow in now
  • ankaŭ sounds roughly like AHN-kow

So:

• buŝon ≈ BOO-shon
• ankaŭ ≈ AHN-kow

As always in Esperanto, pronunciation is very regular.

Not always, but it is very normal here.

The sentence contains two full clauses:

• Mi malfermas la buŝon
• la kuracisto rigardas ankaŭ mian nazon

Because they are two complete clauses joined by kaj, a comma is natural and helps readability. Esperanto punctuation is not extremely rigid here, but the comma is perfectly good style.