Floroj estas belaj en la ĝardeno.

Flowers are beautiful in the garden.

Breakdown of Floroj estas belaj en la ĝardeno.

• esti: to be
• bela: beautiful
• la: the
• floro: the flower
• en: in
• ĝardeno: the garden

Questions & Answers about Floroj estas belaj en la ĝardeno.

Why does floroj end with -oj?

In Esperanto, nouns typically end with -o in the singular. To form the plural, you add -j to make -oj. So floroj is simply the plural of floro.

Why is belaj spelled with -aj instead of -a?

Adjectives in Esperanto end with -a in the singular form, and when describing a plural noun, they take -aj. Since floroj is plural, the adjective becomes belaj.

Why do we say en la ĝardeno rather than en ĝardeno?

Esperanto uses the definite article la when the speaker refers to a specific place or thing. In this case, you are talking about a particular garden, so you use la ĝardeno instead of just ĝardeno.

Why is there no separate word for are in this sentence?

In Esperanto, the verb esti (to be) includes different forms, but in the present tense, it’s always estas regardless of person or number. You don’t have a separate word for are the way you do in English; estas does the job for am, is, and are.

Can I change the word order, for example, to En la ĝardeno, floroj estas belaj?

Yes. Esperanto word order is flexible. You can certainly move en la ĝardeno to the front without changing the essential meaning. However, by default, many speakers keep the subject first and then the verb and the rest of the sentence.