La estraro parolis kun la trupo.

La is the Esperanto definite article, meaning the. It does not change for gender, number, or case. So:

• la estraro = the board / the leadership
• la trupo = the troupe / the troop

Unlike English, Esperanto has no indefinite article. So estraro by itself could mean a board or just board, depending on context.

In Esperanto, each noun phrase normally takes its own article if it is definite.

So:

• la estraro = the board
• la trupo = the troupe

You do not usually use one la to cover both nouns when they are in separate parts of the sentence.

The ending -o marks a noun in Esperanto.

So:

• estraro is a noun
• trupo is a noun

This is one of the most basic and regular features of Esperanto:

• -o = noun
• -a = adjective
• -e = adverb
• -i = infinitive verb

Estraro can be broken down into parts:

• estr- = related to governing, directing, leading
• -ar- = a collection or group of things/people
• -o = noun

So estraro literally suggests something like a body/group of leaders or directors. In practice, it often means board, committee, or leadership depending on context.

This is very typical Esperanto word-building: roots and affixes combine in a very regular way.

The ending -is marks the past tense in Esperanto.

So:

• paroli = to speak
• parolas = speaks / is speaking
• parolis = spoke
• parolos = will speak

Here, parolis means spoke or talked.

By itself, parolis is simply past tense. Esperanto does not force the same distinction English does between spoke and was speaking.

So depending on context, parolis could be translated as:

• spoke
• talked
• sometimes was speaking

If a more specific idea is needed, Esperanto can express it in other ways, but the plain past tense is often enough.

Kun means with.

So:

• parolis kun la trupo = spoke with the troupe

It shows who the speaking was done with. This is a normal prepositional phrase.

Because it is the object of the preposition kun, not a direct object.

In Esperanto, the -n ending usually marks the direct object:

• Mi vidas la trupon. = I see the troupe.

But after a preposition like kun, you normally do not add -n:

• kun la trupo = with the troupe

So trupo stays just trupo here.

Because estraro is the subject of the sentence.

The subject is the thing doing the action:

• La estraro = the one that spoke
• parolis = spoke

Subjects do not take -n in normal Esperanto sentences.

Yes, Esperanto word order is fairly flexible because endings make the grammar clear. The normal order here is:

• La estraro parolis kun la trupo.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, such as:

• Kun la trupo parolis la estraro.

That said, the original version is the most neutral and natural for learners: subject + verb + prepositional phrase.

A simple approximate pronunciation is:

pah-RO-lees

A few helpful points:

• stress in Esperanto is always on the second-to-last syllable
• so parolis is stressed on RO
• each vowel is pronounced clearly:
  • a like ah
  • o like o in for (without turning into a diphthong)
  • i like ee

An approximate pronunciation is:

es-TRAH-ro

The stress falls on TRA, because Esperanto stresses the next-to-last syllable.

Breaking it up:

• es
• tra
• ro

All letters are pronounced, and the r is usually rolled or tapped, depending on the speaker.

It is singular because it ends in -o, not -oj.

• trupo = troupe / troop
• trupoj = troupes / troops

If the sentence were plural, it would be:

• La estraro parolis kun la trupoj. = The board spoke with the troupes/troops.

Yes. In many contexts, paroli kun is naturally translated as either:

• speak with
• talk with
• sometimes talk to

The exact English wording depends on style and context more than on a grammar difference in Esperanto.

Yes. Esperanto does not need dummy subjects like English it in this kind of sentence, and it also does not need object pronouns here because everything necessary is already expressed:

• La estraro = subject
• parolis = verb
• kun la trupo = prepositional phrase

So the sentence is fully complete and natural as it stands.