La bankejo estas apud la vilaĝo.

The suffix -ej- means place used for something or establishment/building connected with something.

So:

• banko = a bank, the institution
• bankejo = the bank building / bank premises / banking place

In many contexts, people do just say banko for bank, but bankejo makes it especially clear that we mean the physical place.

The ending -o marks a noun in Esperanto.

So:

• bankejo = bank building / bank place
• vilaĝo = village

This is one of the most basic Esperanto patterns:

• -o = noun
• -a = adjective
• -e = adverb
• -i = infinitive verb
• -as = present tense verb

Estas is the present tense of esti, which means to be.

So:

• mi estas = I am
• vi estas = you are
• li/ŝi estas = he/she is
• ili estas = they are

Unlike English, the form does not change depending on the subject. It is always estas in the present tense.

So La bankejo estas apud la vilaĝo literally means The bank building is beside the village.

Apud means next to, beside, or nearby at the side of.

In this sentence:

• apud la vilaĝo = next to the village

It usually suggests fairly close physical proximity.

A few comparisons:

• apud = beside / next to
• proksime de = near
• en = in
• sur = on
• antaŭ = in front of
• malantaŭ = behind

So apud is a good choice when something is right by something else.

Because apud is a preposition, and here it simply introduces a place.

So:

• apud la vilaĝo = next to the village

No accusative -n is needed here.

The -n ending is mainly used for:

1. Direct objects
2. Motion toward something in some expressions

But in this sentence, la vilaĝo is just the object of the preposition apud, not a direct object.

La is the definite article, meaning the.

So:

• la bankejo = the bank building
• la vilaĝo = the village

Esperanto has only one definite article: la.
It does not have a separate word for a/an.

So:

• bankejo can mean a bank building or just bank building depending on context
• la bankejo means the bank building

Yes, Esperanto word order is fairly flexible.

The normal straightforward order here is:

• La bankejo estas apud la vilaĝo.

But you could also say:

• Apud la vilaĝo estas la bankejo.

That puts more focus on the location first: Next to the village is the bank.

Even though word order can vary, the basic subject + verb + complement order is usually the easiest for learners.

A helpful approximation is:

• bahn-KEH-yo

Breakdown:

• bank = much like English bank
• ej = like ey in they, but shorter/purer
• o = a clear o sound

So bankejo has three parts:

• bank-
• -ej-
• -o

And j in Esperanto sounds like English y.

A rough English approximation is:

• vee-LAH-zho

Important parts:

• vi = vee
• la = lah
• ĝ = like the s in measure or the g in genre
• o = clear o

So ĝ is not like English hard g in go.

-ej- means place for, place connected with, or establishment where something happens.

Examples:

• lerni = to learn
  lernejo = school

• kuiri = to cook
  kuirejo = kitchen

• preĝi = to pray
  preĝejo = church

So in bankejo, the idea is a place connected with banking.

This is a very productive and useful suffix in Esperanto.

Not exactly. Vilaĝo usually means village.

A village is generally smaller than a town.

Related words:

• vilaĝo = village
• urbo = town / city
• urbeto = small town

So if the meaning shown to you was village, vilaĝo is the correct word.

It could be translated that way in some contexts, but apud is usually stronger than just near.

More precise translations of apud are:

• next to
• beside
• right by

If you want a looser idea of near, Esperanto often uses:

• proksime de la vilaĝo = near the village

So apud la vilaĝo suggests closer contact or adjacency than just general nearness.

Because Esperanto verbs are much simpler than English verbs.

In the present tense, every subject uses -as:

• mi estas = I am
• vi estas = you are
• li estas = he is
• ŝi estas = she is
• ĝi estas = it is
• ni estas = we are
• ili estas = they are

This is one reason Esperanto grammar is often easier for learners: verbs do not change according to person or number.