Mi havas dentodoloron.

In Esperanto, many physical states are commonly expressed with havi = to have, just like in English:

• Mi havas dentodoloron = I have a toothache
• Mi havas febron = I have a fever
• Mi havas kapdoloron = I have a headache

You can also describe a state with estas in other situations, but for pains and illnesses, havi is very normal.

Mi means I.

Unlike English, Esperanto does not change it to me for object position. It always stays mi.

Examples:

• Mi vidas vin = I see you
• Vi vidas min = You see me

So in this sentence, mi is simply the subject: I.

Havas comes from the verb havi = to have.

In Esperanto, verbs have very regular endings:

• -as = present tense
• -is = past tense
• -os = future tense
• -us = conditional
• -u = command / jussive
• -i = infinitive

So:

• havi = to have
• havas = have / am having
• havis = had
• havos = will have

Because the sentence is in the present tense, it uses havas.

Dentodoloron is built from parts:

• dent- = tooth
• dolor- = pain
• -o = noun ending
• -n = accusative ending

So:

• doloro = pain
• dentodoloro = tooth-pain, meaning toothache
• dentodoloron = toothache as the direct object

Esperanto often forms words by combining roots like this.

The -n marks the direct object.

In Mi havas dentodoloron:

• Mi = subject
• havas = verb
• dentodoloron = the thing being had, so it is the direct object

That is why it ends in -n.

Compare:

• Mi havas libron = I have a book
• Mi havas kapdoloron = I have a headache
• Mi havas dentodoloron = I have a toothache

Yes, but they are not all equally natural in every context.

Most natural/common:

• dentodoloro = toothache

Possible, but more descriptive:

• denta doloro = dental pain / tooth-related pain
• doloro de dento = pain of a tooth / pain in a tooth

A learner will most often meet the compact compound dentodoloro, because Esperanto likes building clear compound nouns.

Esperanto has no indefinite article like English a/an.

So:

• libro can mean a book
• dentodoloro can mean a toothache

Esperanto does have a definite article:

• la = the

So you could say:

• Mi havas la dentodoloron only in a special context, such as the toothache we already mentioned

But in a normal sentence like this, no article is needed.

A simple pronunciation guide:

den-to-do-lo-RON

A few helpful points:

• Every vowel is pronounced clearly.
• Stress in Esperanto is always on the second-to-last syllable.
• So in dentodoloron, the stress is on ro: den-to-do-LO-ron? Wait carefully by syllables: den-to-do-lo-ron → the second-to-last syllable is lo, so stress is den-to-do-LO-ron.

Approximate sounds:

• e as in bet
• o as in a pure o sound, not a diphthong
• r is usually trilled or tapped

Yes, dentodoloro is singular.

Esperanto noun endings:

• -o = singular noun
• -oj = plural noun

So:

• dentodoloro = toothache
• dentodoloroj = toothaches

And if it is a direct object, add -n:

• dentodoloron = a toothache
• dentodolorojn = toothaches

Example:

• Mi havas dentodolorojn = I have toothaches

Yes, that is a good literal breakdown.

Word-for-word:

• Mi = I
• havas = have
• dentodoloron = tooth-pain (direct object)

Natural English translation:

• I have a toothache

Literal breakdowns are often useful in Esperanto because many words are built very transparently from roots.

Yes. That means My tooth hurts.

Compare:

• Mi havas dentodoloron = I have a toothache
• Mia dento doloras = My tooth hurts

Both are correct, but they focus slightly differently:

• Mi havas dentodoloron talks about the condition
• Mia dento doloras talks about the tooth itself hurting

A related sentence is:

• Miaj dentoj doloras = My teeth hurt

Because Esperanto often forms compounds as a single word.

The main idea is usually at the end:

• doloro = pain
• dentodoloro = a kind of pain related to a tooth

This is very common in Esperanto:

• kapdoloro = headache
• ventrodoloro = stomachache
• dormoĉambro = bedroom
• manĝoĉambro = dining room

Writing compounds as one word is one of the normal patterns of the language.

It can be understood quite generally as toothache or tooth pain. In everyday use, it does not have to specify exactly how many teeth are involved.

If you want to be more specific, you can say:

• Mia dento doloras = My tooth hurts
• Miaj dentoj doloras = My teeth hurt
• Mi havas doloron en dento = I have pain in a tooth

But Mi havas dentodoloron is a normal general way to say I have a toothache.