La ekonomio de la lando kreskas.

Because both nouns are definite:

• la ekonomio = the economy
• la lando = the country

Esperanto uses la for the, and you use it wherever the noun is definite.
So de la lando means of the country or the country's.

English sometimes uses fewer articles in similar phrases, but in Esperanto it is normal to repeat la when both nouns are definite.

De usually means of, from, or sometimes indicates possession or relationship.

In this sentence:

• la ekonomio de la lando = the economy of the country

This is the Esperanto way to express something like:

• the country's economy
• the economy of the country

So here de links the two nouns and shows that the economy belongs to or is associated with the country.

In Esperanto, verbs always show tense with fixed endings:

• -as = present
• -is = past
• -os = future
• -us = conditional
• -u = command/wish
• -i = infinitive

So:

• kreski = to grow
• kreskas = grows / is growing

Here kreskas means the economy grows or is growing.

No. Esperanto verbs do not change for person or number.

So the same present-tense form works for:

• mi kreskas = I grow / am growing
• vi kreskas = you grow / are growing
• li kreskas = he grows / is growing
• ili kreskas = they grow / are growing

That means kreskas stays the same whether the subject is singular or plural.

Because there is no direct object here.

In Esperanto, -n usually marks the direct object. But in this sentence:

• La ekonomio is the subject
• kreskas is an intransitive verb

Kreski means to grow, and it does not take a direct object here. The economy itself is doing the growing.

So:

• La ekonomio de la lando kreskas = subject + verb

No accusative -n is needed.

The ending -o marks a noun in Esperanto.

So:

• ekonomio = economy
• lando = country

This is one of the most basic patterns in Esperanto:

• -o = noun
• -a = adjective
• -e = adverb
• -i = infinitive verb

Because both ekonomio and lando are things or concepts, they end in -o.

Yes, you could.

• La ekonomio de la lando kreskas = The economy of the country is growing.
• La landa ekonomio kreskas = The national/country economy is growing.

But there is a slight difference in feel:

• de la lando clearly means of the country
• landa is an adjective meaning national, country-related, or of the country

So La ekonomio de la lando is often the more literal equivalent of the country's economy.

The normal word order is:

• La ekonomio de la lando kreskas
• subject + verb

Esperanto word order is fairly flexible, but this standard order is the clearest and most neutral.

Because Esperanto marks grammar in other ways, you can sometimes move things around for emphasis, but learners should usually stick to the basic pattern first.

Yes, it is a very international word.

Many Esperanto words are based on forms common in European languages, so ekonomio is easy to recognize if you know English economy.

The same is true for many learned or international words in Esperanto. The ending -o makes it a noun, so the Esperanto form becomes ekonomio.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

La ekonomio de la lando kreskas
lah eh-koh-noh-MEE-oh deh lah LAHN-doh KRES-kahs

A few helpful points:

• e is like e in met
• o is like o in for but pure and short
• a is like a in father
• stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable

So:

• ekonomio → e-ko-no-MI-o
• lando → LAN-do
• kreskas → KRES-kas

It can mean either, depending on context.

Esperanto present tense -as covers both simple present and present progressive in many cases.

So:

• kreskas can mean grows
• or is growing

In this sentence, English would often naturally say is growing, but grows is also grammatically possible depending on the context.