La paneo de la kaldrono haltigis la hejtadon.

Because halti means to stop in the sense of come to a stop by itself, while haltigi means to stop something or cause something to stop.

• La hejtado haltis = the heating stopped.
• La paneo haltigis la hejtadon = the breakdown stopped the heating.

The -ig- part is very important here. It adds the idea of causing something to happen. The final -is shows past tense.

The -n marks the direct object.

In this sentence:

• La paneo de la kaldrono is the subject.
• haltigis is the verb.
• la hejtadon is the thing that got stopped.

So hejtadon needs -n because it is what the breakdown affected.

Hejtado means heating as a process or system of heating.

It comes from:

• hejti = to heat
• -ad- = ongoing, repeated, or process-like action
• -o = noun

So hejtado is very natural for the heating in the sense of the heating system or the act/process of heating.

Hejto is possible in some contexts, but hejtado more clearly suggests an ongoing process or service, which fits this sentence well.

Paneo means a breakdown, failure, or malfunction, especially in a mechanical or technical context.

Here it means that the boiler had some kind of fault or failure, and that failure caused the heating to stop.

Depending on context, speakers might also use words like misfunkcio or difekto, but paneo is a normal way to express this idea.

De means of, so la paneo de la kaldrono means the breakdown of the boiler.

Esperanto often uses de where English might use:

• of
• a possessive structure
• a noun used attributively

So instead of an English-style the boiler’s breakdown, Esperanto naturally says la paneo de la kaldrono.

You could also see kaldrona paneo, which means something like boiler breakdown or boiler-related failure, but la paneo de la kaldrono is very clear and straightforward.

Because both noun phrases are definite:

• la paneo = the breakdown
• la kaldrono = the boiler

In Esperanto, if both nouns are definite, each one normally gets its own la. English learners sometimes expect one the to cover everything, but Esperanto does not work that way.

So la paneo de la kaldrono is completely normal.

Yes, in this context it can.

The basic meaning of kaldrono is something like a boiling vessel, so depending on context it can mean:

• cauldron
• boiler
• sometimes a similar large heating vessel

Because this sentence talks about heating, boiler is clearly the intended meaning here.

If someone wanted to be more technically specific, they might use a more specialized compound, but kaldrono works well in ordinary usage.

No, Esperanto word order is fairly flexible, because endings show the grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• subject: La paneo de la kaldrono
• verb: haltigis
• object: la hejtadon

That is the most natural order for a plain statement.

Because hejtadon has -n, Esperanto could move things around for emphasis, but this version is the simplest and most standard.

Yes. For example:

• La kaldrono paneis, kaj la hejtado haltis.

That means roughly The boiler broke down, and the heating stopped.

The original sentence is a bit more compact and focuses on the breakdown as the cause. The alternative version sounds a little more step-by-step.

Both are valid; they just present the situation differently.

A useful breakdown is:

• halt-ig-is
  • halt- = stop
  • -ig- = cause to
  • -is = past tense

So haltigis = caused to stop or stopped.

• hejt-ad-o-n
  • hejt- = heat
  • -ad- = ongoing/processive action
  • -o = noun
  • -n = direct object

So hejtadon = the heating as the thing being affected by the action.

This kind of word-building is one of the most important features of Esperanto.