La informo estas vera.

La is the Esperanto definite article, like the in English.

So la informo means the information.
Esperanto has only one definite article: la. It does not change for gender, number, or case.

A few examples:

• la libro = the book
• la libroj = the books
• la bona libro = the good book

There is no indefinite article like English a/an. So informo by itself can mean information / a piece of information, depending on context.

In Esperanto, nouns normally end in -o.

So:

• informo = a noun
• vera = an adjective
• estas = a verb

This makes word classes very easy to recognize.

Other noun examples:

• domo = house
• hundo = dog
• ideo = idea

Because informo ends in -o, you can immediately tell it is a noun.

Mostly yes, but there is an important difference.

In English, information is usually an uncountable noun. You normally say:

• This information is true
• a piece of information

In Esperanto, informo is often used as a regular countable noun. It can mean information, an item of information, or a piece of information, depending on context.

So:

• informo = information / a piece of information
• informoj = pieces of information / bits of information

That means Esperanto uses this word a bit more flexibly than English.

Estas is the present-tense form of esti, which means to be.

Esperanto verbs do not change according to the subject. So the same form estas is used for:

• mi estas = I am
• vi estas = you are
• li estas = he is
• ŝi estas = she is
• ĝi estas = it is
• ni estas = we are
• ili estas = they are

That is much simpler than English, where am, is, and are are different forms.

Because vera is an adjective, and adjectives in Esperanto normally end in -a.

• vero = truth (a noun)
• vera = true (an adjective)

In this sentence, vera describes informo, so it must be an adjective.

Compare:

• La informo estas vera. = The information is true.
• Tio estas vero. = That is truth / That is true in the sense of a truth or the truth, depending on context.

So -o marks a noun, while -a marks an adjective.

Because it is a predicate adjective, not a direct object.

In Esperanto, -n is usually used for the direct object (and in some other situations, such as motion toward something). But after esti (to be), the adjective is just describing the subject.

So:

• La informo estas vera.
  Here vera describes la informo, so no -n is needed.

Compare with a direct object:

• Mi legas la libron. = I read the book.
  Here libron gets -n because it is the direct object.

So after estas, you normally do not use -n on the predicate adjective.

Because informo is singular, so the adjective must also be singular.

In Esperanto, adjectives agree with the nouns they describe in number and case.

Singular:

• la informo vera or la vera informo
• La informo estas vera.

Plural:

• la informoj estas veraj

So:

• informo = singular noun
• vera = singular adjective

If the noun were plural, the adjective would also be plural:

• La informoj estas veraj. = The pieces of information are true.

Yes. In Esperanto, adjectives often come before the noun, but they can also come after it.

Examples:

• la vera informo
• la informo vera

Both are possible, though la vera informo is usually more natural in ordinary speech.

In your sentence, though, vera is not directly inside the noun phrase. It comes after estas, so it works like:

• subject: La informo
• verb: estas
• predicate adjective: vera

Not completely, but La informo estas vera is the most normal and straightforward order.

Esperanto word order is more flexible than English because endings show grammatical roles clearly. Still, the usual basic order is:

• subject + verb + complement/object

So this sentence follows the standard pattern very neatly.

Other orders may be possible for emphasis, but for a learner, La informo estas vera is the best default form.

Grammatically, you can sometimes omit la, but the meaning becomes less specific and often less natural.

• La informo estas vera. = a specific piece of information is true
• Informo estas vera. = information is true / a piece of information is true

Without la, it may sound more general, abstract, or context-dependent. In many situations, Esperanto would prefer a more clearly framed sentence if you mean something general.

So if the idea is the information, then la is the right choice.

You would make both the noun and the adjective plural:

• La informoj estas veraj.

Changes:

• informo → informoj
• vera → veraj

This shows the normal Esperanto plural ending -j on both the noun and the adjective when they agree.

So:

• singular: La informo estas vera.
• plural: La informoj estas veraj.