De gids luistert naar muziek.

Because gids is a de-word in Dutch. Singular Dutch nouns take either de or het, and this has to be learned with each noun.

So:

• de gids = the guide

A useful extra point: in the plural, Dutch always uses de:

• de gidsen = the guides

Luisteren is the infinitive, meaning to listen. In this sentence, the subject is de gids, which is third-person singular, so the present-tense form becomes luistert.

Present tense of luisteren:

• ik luister
• jij luistert
• u luistert
• hij/zij/het luistert
• wij luisteren
• jullie luisteren
• zij luisteren

So de gids luistert is the correct form for the guide listens / is listening.

Because Dutch uses luisteren naar when you say what someone is listening to. English says listen to, while Dutch says luisteren naar.

Examples:

• Ik luister naar de radio.
• Wij luisteren naar de leraar.
• De gids luistert naar muziek.

So naar is required here.

Because muziek is usually an uncountable noun when you mean music in general. In that case, Dutch often does not use an article.

So:

• naar muziek luisteren = listen to music in general

If you say naar de muziek, it usually means specific music already known from the context:

• the music that is playing
• the music we mentioned before

It can mean both. The Dutch present tense often covers both meanings.

So De gids luistert naar muziek can mean:

• The guide listens to music
• The guide is listening to music

The exact meaning depends on context.

The sentence follows normal Dutch main-clause word order:

• De gids = subject
• luistert = finite verb
• naar muziek = prepositional phrase

So the pattern is: subject + finite verb + rest

Dutch main clauses usually put the finite verb in the second position. For example:

• De gids luistert naar muziek.
• Vandaag luistert de gids naar muziek.

In the second sentence, Vandaag comes first, so the verb still stays in second position and the subject moves after it.

No. Luisteren is a normal verb. Naar is just the preposition that goes with it in this meaning.

That is different from a separable verb such as opstaan:

• Ik sta op.

But with luisteren naar, nothing is being split. You simply use the verb plus its preposition:

• Ik luister naar muziek.

You would say:

De gidsen luisteren naar muziek.

Two things change:

• gids → gidsen
• luistert → luisteren

So:

• De gids luistert naar muziek. = one guide
• De gidsen luisteren naar muziek. = more than one guide

You put the finite verb first:

Luistert de gids naar muziek?

That is the normal way to make a yes/no question in Dutch.

Compare:

• De gids luistert naar muziek. = statement
• Luistert de gids naar muziek? = question