De oogst ligt in de gereedschapsschuur.

Because oogst is a de-word in Dutch, so its definite article is de.

Dutch nouns have two main article types:

• de words
• het words

Unfortunately, this is something you usually have to learn with each noun. So it is:

• de oogst = the harvest

Not:

• het oogst

Also, oogst can mean harvest in the sense of the crop that has been gathered, and sometimes also the harvest season/process, depending on context.

Ligt is from the verb liggen, which literally means to lie.

In Dutch, when talking about where something is, people very often use a position verb instead of just zijn (to be). Common ones are:

• liggen = to lie
• staan = to stand
• zitten = to be situated / to sit
• hangen = to hang

So De oogst ligt in de gereedschapsschuur is more natural Dutch than De oogst is in de gereedschapsschuur.

Why liggen? Because the harvest is being thought of as something lying/stored there, not standing upright.

So Dutch often says something like:

• Het boek ligt op tafel. = The book is on the table.
• De fietsen staan buiten. = The bikes are outside.
• De sleutels zitten in mijn tas. = The keys are in my bag.

English usually just says is/are, but Dutch prefers a more specific verb.

Yes. Ligt is the third-person singular form of liggen in the present tense.

Here the subject is de oogst, which is singular, so you get:

• de oogst ligt = the harvest lies / is located

The present tense of liggen is:

• ik lig
• jij/u ligt
• hij/zij/het ligt
• wij liggen
• jullie liggen
• zij liggen

So if the subject were plural, you would use liggen:

• De appels liggen in de schuur. = The apples are in the shed.

Because Dutch usually writes compound nouns as one word.

So:

• gereedschap = tools / tool equipment
• schuur = shed / barn

Together:

• gereedschapsschuur = tool shed

This is very normal in Dutch. English often writes these as two words, but Dutch combines them:

• keukentafel = kitchen table
• tuindeur = garden door
• boekenkast = bookcase

So even if it looks long to an English speaker, gereedschapsschuur is perfectly standard Dutch spelling.

Because the word is built from:

• gereedschap
• schuur

When you put them together, the end of gereedschap meets the beginning of schuur, which starts with sch. So the spelling becomes:

• gereedschap + schuur
• gereedschapsschuur

It may look intimidating, but it is just the normal result of combining the two parts.

This kind of thing happens often in Dutch compounds. You do not usually simplify the spelling just because several consonants come together.

Schuur by itself means shed or sometimes barn, depending on context.

Gereedschapsschuur is more specific:

• gereedschap = tools
• schuur = shed

So gereedschapsschuur means tool shed: a shed used for storing tools.

So the compound narrows the meaning of the main noun. In Dutch compounds, the last part is usually the main thing:

• a gereedschapsschuur is a kind of schuur
• a boekenkast is a kind of kast
• a keukentafel is a kind of tafel

Because in means in/inside, while op usually means on/on top of.

Here the idea is that the harvest is inside the tool shed, so Dutch uses:

• in de gereedschapsschuur

If it were on top of the shed, then op would make sense:

• op de schuur = on the shed

So this works much like English:

• in the shed = inside it
• on the shed = on top of it

Because gereedschapsschuur is also a noun, and it also needs an article here.

The phrase in de gereedschapsschuur means in the tool shed.

So the sentence has two noun phrases:

• De oogst = the harvest
• de gereedschapsschuur = the tool shed

Both nouns happen to be de-words, so both take de.

No, this is normal Dutch main-clause word order.

The structure is:

• De oogst = subject
• ligt = verb
• in de gereedschapsschuur = prepositional phrase showing location

So it follows the usual pattern:

subject + finite verb + rest

That is the standard order in a simple Dutch statement.

If you moved the location phrase to the front, the verb would still have to stay in second position:

• In de gereedschapsschuur ligt de oogst.

That is also correct, but it gives extra emphasis to the location.

Oogst is pronounced roughly like a long oh sound followed by khst.

A rough English-friendly guide would be:

• oogst ≈ ohkhst

A few notes:

• oo in Dutch is usually a long o sound.
• g in standard Dutch is the throaty sound that English does not really have.
• The final st is clearly pronounced.

If the g is difficult, that is completely normal for English speakers.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

De oogst ligt in de gereedschapsschuur
≈ duh ohkhst likht in duh khuh-RAIT-skhapss-khuur

That is only approximate, but it can help at first.

A few pronunciation points:

• de often sounds like duh
• oogst has a long oo
• ligt has the Dutch g/ch sound
• gereedschapsschuur is a compound, so it helps to hear it in parts:
  • gereedschap
  • schuur

If you want to practice it more easily, say it in chunks:

• De oogst
• ligt in de
• gereedschapsschuur

Yes, it would be understandable, but it is less idiomatic in ordinary Dutch.

Dutch often prefers a positional verb like:

• ligt
• staat
• zit
• hangt

So De oogst ligt in de gereedschapsschuur sounds more natural.

Using is is not always wrong, but it can sound less specific or less native-like in sentences about location.

So for a learner, the best choice here is:

• De oogst ligt in de gereedschapsschuur.