Het thuiswerkverzoek noemt de ingangsdatum en de arbeidsduur.

Dutch nouns have grammatical gender, and that affects the definite article:

• het for het-words
• de for de-words

In this sentence:

• het thuiswerkverzoek → verzoek is a het-word
• de ingangsdatum → datum is a de-word
• de arbeidsduur → duur is a de-word

A useful rule with compounds is that the last part usually determines the gender of the whole word. So:

• thuiswerkverzoek ends in verzoek → therefore het
• ingangsdatum ends in datum → therefore de
• arbeidsduur ends in duur → therefore de

Yes. Dutch very often combines nouns into one long compound word.

So:

• thuis = home
• werk = work
• verzoek = request

Together they form thuiswerkverzoek, meaning something like work-from-home request or remote-work request.

This is very normal in Dutch. Where English often uses separate words, Dutch frequently prefers one compound.

It comes from the verb noemen.

Depending on context, noemen can mean:

• to call
• to name
• to mention
• to state

In this sentence, noemt does not mean calls in the sense of giving something a name. It means mentions or states.

So in formal or administrative Dutch, het verzoek noemt ... means something like:

• the request mentions ...
• the request states ...

Because the subject is singular:

• het thuiswerkverzoek = the request

In the present tense, Dutch uses:

• ik noem
• jij noemt
• hij/zij/het noemt
• wij/jullie/zij noemen

Since het thuiswerkverzoek is a singular subject, the verb must be noemt.

It follows the normal Dutch main-clause word order:

Subject + finite verb + object(s)

So:

• Het thuiswerkverzoek = subject
• noemt = finite verb
• de ingangsdatum en de arbeidsduur = objects

This is very similar to basic English word order:

• The request states the start date and the working hours.

Because these are two separate definite nouns:

• de ingangsdatum
• de arbeidsduur

Repeating the article is normal and clear in Dutch. It shows that both nouns are definite and separate items being listed.

If you left out the second de, the sentence would sound less natural here. Dutch usually prefers:

• de X en de Y

especially in formal writing.

It is a compound noun:

• ingang = entry / beginning / start
• datum = date

So ingangsdatum means start date or effective date, depending on context.

The -s- in the middle is a common linking sound/letter in Dutch compounds. It does not have a separate meaning by itself here.

It is also a compound noun:

• arbeid = labour / work
• duur = duration

So arbeidsduur means duration of work, often best translated as:

• working time
• working hours
• work duration

Again, the -s- is a linking element often seen in Dutch compounds.

Good question, because Dutch uses both compounds and separate words.

• thuiswerk as one word is usually a noun: working from home / home working
• thuis werken as two words is the verb phrase: to work from home

So in thuiswerkverzoek, the first part is the noun thuiswerk, which combines with verzoek.

Compare:

• Ik werk thuis. = I work at home.
• Ik wil thuis werken. = I want to work from home.
• Het thuiswerkverzoek... = The work-from-home request...

Because in Dutch, common nouns are not capitalized.

So you write:

• het thuiswerkverzoek
• de ingangsdatum
• de arbeidsduur

Only proper names, sentence beginnings, and certain special cases get capitals.

This is different from German, where all nouns are capitalized.

A useful word-for-word-ish breakdown is:

• Het thuiswerkverzoek = the work-from-home request
• noemt = mentions / states
• de ingangsdatum = the start date / effective date
• en de arbeidsduur = and the duration of work / working hours

So even though you already know the meaning, the grammar is basically:

The request states the start date and the working hours.

That is a very typical formal Dutch sentence structure.