De prijs is zestien euro.

Because prijs is a de-word in Dutch. Dutch nouns usually take either de or het, and this has to be learned with the noun.

So:

• de prijs = correct
• het prijs = incorrect

Unfortunately, there is not always a simple rule you can rely on, so it is best to learn nouns together with their article:

• de prijs
• het boek
• de tafel

Is is the present tense of the verb zijn (to be).

Here it works just like English is:

• De prijs is zestien euro.
• The price is sixteen euros.

A few forms of zijn are:

• ik ben = I am
• jij bent = you are
• hij/zij/het is = he/she/it is
• wij zijn = we are

So in this sentence, de prijs is singular, so Dutch uses is.

This is the normal Dutch word order for a simple statement:

subject + verb + complement

So:

• De prijs = subject
• is = verb
• zestien euro = complement

This is very similar to English:

• The price is sixteen euros.

Dutch main clauses usually place the finite verb in the second position, and that is exactly what happens here: is is the second main element.

Dutch writes numbers like zestien (sixteen) as one word.

It is built from:

• zes = six
• tien = ten

Together: zestien

This is normal in Dutch for many numbers:

• veertien = fourteen
• twintig = twenty
• zesentwintig = twenty-six

So zestien is not unusual; it is just the standard Dutch spelling.

In price expressions after a number, Dutch very often uses euro without -s:

• één euro
• twee euro
• zestien euro

This is very common and standard in prices.

But you can also see euro's in other contexts when talking about euros as countable items in a more general way:

• Ik heb nog vijf euro's in mijn tas. = I still have five euros in my bag.

A useful shortcut:

• after a price/amount: usually euro
• when talking about the coins/units themselves more generally: often euro's

No. Dutch does not use euros.

The Dutch plural is:

• euro's

not:

• euros

So:

• zestien euro = correct in a price statement
• zestien euro's = possible in other contexts
• zestien euros = incorrect in Dutch

Because Dutch can express a price very directly with zijn (to be):

• De prijs is zestien euro.

English often says:

• The price is sixteen euros.

So the structure is already complete. You do not need an extra word like for.

Dutch also has other natural ways to express the same idea, for example:

• Het kost zestien euro. = It costs sixteen euros.
• De prijs bedraagt zestien euro. = The price amounts to sixteen euros / The price is sixteen euros.

But the given sentence is perfectly normal.

No. In Dutch, the article depends on the noun, not on English.

Even though English always uses the, Dutch must choose between de and het:

• de prijs = correct
• het prijs = incorrect

So you cannot decide based on English. You have to know that prijs belongs with de.

Prijs is roughly pronounced like price in English, but with a Dutch vowel quality.

Very roughly:

• prijs ≈ prayss / price

A few pronunciation notes:

• ij is an important Dutch vowel sound; English does not have an exact match.
• The r may sound different depending on region.
• The s is a normal s sound.

If you want a rough learner-friendly approximation, price is close enough to get started.

Zestien is pronounced roughly like:

• zes-TEEN

with the stress on the second syllable.

Breakdown:

• zes = like zess
• tien = roughly teen

So:

• zes-TIEN

That final part -tien appears in several teen numbers:

• dertien
• veertien
• vijftien
• zestien

It is neutral and completely normal Dutch.

It can be used in everyday situations such as:

• in a shop
• in a conversation about cost
• when reading out a price

It is neither especially formal nor especially casual.

If you want a slightly more formal style, you might hear:

• De prijs bedraagt zestien euro.

If you want a very common everyday alternative, you might hear:

• Het kost zestien euro.

Yes, but the sentence structure changes depending on what you want to emphasize.

The neutral version is:

• De prijs is zestien euro.

If you move something else to the front in a main clause, Dutch still keeps the finite verb in second position. For example:

• Zestien euro is de prijs.

This is grammatical, but it sounds much less natural in most everyday contexts and gives special emphasis.

So for normal use, De prijs is zestien euro is the best choice.

Normally, only the first word of the sentence is capitalized:

• De prijs is zestien euro.

Dutch does not capitalize nouns the way German does.

So:

• prijs stays lowercase
• zestien stays lowercase
• euro stays lowercase

Only capitalize:

• the first word of the sentence
• proper names, countries, people, etc.

Dutch normally uses a comma for decimals, not a period.

For example:

• 16,50 euro
• De prijs is 16,50 euro.

You may also hear:

• zestien euro vijftig

So if cents are included, remember:

• Dutch decimal separator: comma
• English decimal separator: often period

That is a useful difference to keep in mind.