Jeg stiller glasset på bordet i køkkenet.

Because glasset means the glass, while et glas means a glass.

In Danish, the definite article is usually added to the end of the noun instead of being a separate word in front:

• et glas = a glass
• glasset = the glass

So in this sentence, the speaker is talking about a specific glass, not just any glass.

For the same reason: -et is the definite ending for many neuter nouns in Danish.

Here are the forms:

• et bord = a table

• bordet = the table

• et køkken = a kitchen
• køkkenet = the kitchen

So the sentence contains three definite neuter nouns:

• glasset = the glass
• bordet = the table
• køkkenet = the kitchen

Because Danish usually expresses definiteness by attaching it to the noun.

English:

• the glass
• the table
• the kitchen

Danish:

• glasset
• bordet
• køkkenet

This is one of the biggest differences from English. Danish does have a separate definite word in some situations, but in a simple sentence like this, the ending on the noun is the normal pattern.

Stiller is the present tense of at stille, which often means to place, to set, or to put upright.

In this sentence, Jeg stiller glasset på bordet i køkkenet means something like:

• I place the glass on the table in the kitchen
• I put the glass on the table in the kitchen

The verb stille is often used when you place something so that it stands upright, which fits well with something like a glass or a bottle.

Danish often distinguishes placement verbs more precisely than English does.

A very rough guide is:

• stille = place something so it stands upright
• lægge = lay something down horizontally
• sætte = set/place something, often for things that sit rather than stand

With et glas, stille is very natural, because a glass normally stands upright on a table.

So:

• Jeg stiller glasset på bordet = I place the glass on the table

If you used lægger, it would sound wrong unless you literally laid the glass on its side.

Sætter can sometimes be heard in everyday speech, but stiller is the most precise and natural choice for a glass.

Because the prepositions match the kind of location involved:

• på = on
• i = in

So:

• på bordet = on the table
• i køkkenet = in the kitchen

That gives:

• the glass is being placed on a surface
• the table is located in a room

This matches English quite closely.

Most naturally, it describes bordet:

• glasset på bordet i køkkenet = the glass on the table in the kitchen

So the usual interpretation is: there is a table in the kitchen, and the speaker places the glass on that table.

In practice, it can also be understood as the whole action happening in the kitchen, but the most direct reading is that the table is the one in the kitchen.

Because Danish main clauses normally follow a subject + verb + other elements pattern, much like English.

Here:

• Jeg = subject
• stiller = verb
• glasset = object
• på bordet i køkkenet = prepositional phrase telling where

So the structure is:

• Jeg
  • stiller
    • glasset
      • på bordet i køkkenet

This is the normal neutral word order.

It is present tense.

The infinitive is:

• at stille = to place / to put

The present tense is formed here with -r:

• jeg stiller = I place / I am placing

In Danish, the present tense often covers both simple present and present progressive meanings from English, depending on context.

So Jeg stiller glasset på bordet can mean either:

• I place the glass on the table
• I am placing the glass on the table

Yes. In this sentence, all three base nouns are neuter nouns that take et in the indefinite singular:

• et glas
• et bord
• et køkken

That is why their definite singular forms end in -et:

• glasset
• bordet
• køkkenet

If a noun were a common-gender noun instead, it would usually take -en in the definite singular.

Then you would use the indefinite form:

• Jeg stiller et glas på bordet i køkkenet.

That means I place a glass on the table in the kitchen.

Notice the contrast:

• glasset = the glass
• et glas = a glass

The same pattern applies to the other nouns too:

• bordet / et bord
• køkkenet / et køkken

A rough English-friendly guide would be something like STIL-er, but with a short Danish i sound.

A few helpful notes:

• st at the beginning of a word in Danish is often pronounced a bit like sd or s+t said very quickly, not exactly like English st
• ll in stiller is not a separate long l sound like in English spelling
• the -er ending is usually light and unstressed

A rough approximation:

• Jeg stiller glasset på bordet i køkkenet
• something like yai STIL-er GLAS-eth paw BOR-theth ee KURK-eh-neth

That is only approximate, but it can help as a starting point. The real Danish sounds, especially jeg, ø, and the soft consonants, are quite different from English.

Mostly yes:

• Jeg = I
• stiller = place / put
• glasset = the glass
• på = on
• bordet = the table
• i = in
• køkkenet = the kitchen

So the word-for-word structure is very close to English:

• I place the glass on the table in the kitchen

What is different is mainly the definite nouns, where Danish uses endings instead of a separate the.