Skuespilleren i filmen er modig, men historien er alvorlig.

Breakdown of Skuespilleren i filmen er modig, men historien er alvorlig.

i
in
være
to be
men
but
historien
the story
filmen
the movie
skuespilleren
the actor
modig
brave
alvorlig
serious
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Questions & Answers about Skuespilleren i filmen er modig, men historien er alvorlig.

Why is it skuespilleren and not just skuespiller?

Danish usually marks “the” by adding a suffix to the noun, not a separate word.

  • skuespiller = an actor (indefinite)
  • skuespilleren = the actor (definite)

So -en is the definite ending for most common-gender nouns (those that take en: en skuespiller → skuespilleren).

In this sentence we are talking about a specific actor (the one in the film), so the definite form skuespilleren is used.

Why is it historien and not historie?

The same definite-suffix rule applies here:

  • historie = a story
  • historien = the story

Historie is also a common-gender noun (en-historie), so the definite form is historien (with -en).
The sentence is about the story of this film, so the definite form is appropriate.

Why is it i filmen and not something like på filmen?

The preposition i usually corresponds to English “in” for being inside or within something:

  • i filmen = in the movie (within the film, as part of it)
  • i byen = in the town
  • i bogen = in the book

is more like “on” or “at” and is used in other fixed phrases:

  • på filmen would more likely mean on the film (physically on the material) and sounds odd in this context.
  • på arbejdet = at work
  • på skolen = at school

So i filmen is the natural choice for in the movie.

What does the phrase skuespilleren i filmen mean structurally? Is i filmen describing the actor?

Yes. Skuespilleren i filmen is a noun phrase:

  • skuespilleren = the head noun (the actor)
  • i filmen = a prepositional phrase modifying that noun (in the movie)

So the whole phrase means “the actor in the movie”, not “the movie is in the actor.”
The structure is roughly:

[Skuespilleren [i filmen]] er modig
[The actor [in the movie]] is brave

Could I put i filmen at the beginning and say I filmen er skuespilleren modig?

Yes, that’s grammatically correct, but the nuance changes a bit.

  • Skuespilleren i filmen er modig
    Neutral focus on the actor; you’re telling us something about that actor.
  • I filmen er skuespilleren modig
    Slightly more focus on in the movie, as opposed to some other context (e.g. in real life he’s not brave).

Danish allows you to move adverbials like i filmen to the front for emphasis, while still keeping er as the second element in the clause (the V2 rule: “verb in second position”):

I filmen (1st) er (2nd) skuespilleren modig

Why are the adjectives modig and alvorlig not ending in -e (like modige, alvorlige)?

Here, the adjectives are predicative (they come after the verb er and describe the subject):

  • Skuespilleren … er modigThe actor is brave.
  • Historien er alvorligThe story is serious.

In predicative position for singular nouns:

  • Common gender: no -e
    • Manden er modig. – The man is brave.
  • Neuter gender: add -t
    • Barnet er modigt. – The child is brave.

The -e ending appears mainly when the adjective is in front of a definite noun or in the plural:

  • den modige skuespiller – the brave actor
  • de modige skuespillere – the brave actors

So in this sentence modig and alvorlig are correct without -e.

What would change if the nouns were neuter? How would modig and alvorlig look then?

With neuter singular nouns in predicative position, the adjective typically adds -t:

  • Barnet er modigt.The child is brave.
    (barn is neuter: et barn → barnet)
  • Eventyret er alvorligt.The fairy tale is serious.
    (eventyr is neuter: et eventyr → eventyret)

Compare that to our sentence (common gender nouns):

  • Skuespilleren er modig. (common)
  • Historien er alvorlig. (common)

So the noun’s gender (common vs neuter) affects the adjective form after er.

Why is there a comma before men?

Men is a coordinating conjunction meaning “but”. It’s joining two main clauses:

  1. Skuespilleren i filmen er modig
  2. historien er alvorlig

In standard Danish punctuation, when men joins two independent clauses, you put a comma before it:

  • …, men …

So:

Skuespilleren i filmen er modig, men historien er alvorlig.
The actor in the movie is brave, but the story is serious.

Does men always just mean “but”? Any nuance compared to English?

Men is the normal Danish word for “but” in most contrastive statements:

  • Jeg er træt, men glad. – I’m tired but happy.

A few notes:

  • It’s not interchangeable with og (and) or fordi (because).
  • It can also be used for a soft objection or surprise in conversation, a bit like English “but…”, “hey…”, or “come on…”:
    • Men det sagde du jo i går! – But you did say that yesterday!

In this sentence it has the straightforward contrastive meaning: brave actor vs serious story.

Why is it i filmen instead of i den film if we mean “in that film”?

Both i filmen and i den film are possible, but they don’t feel exactly the same.

  • i filmen = in the movie (the movie already understood from context, or this movie in general)
  • i den film = in that movie (more explicitly contrasting with other movies or pointing to a specific one just mentioned)

Examples:

  • Skuespilleren i filmen er modig.
    General reference: the actor in the (relevant) film is brave.
  • Skuespilleren i den film, vi så i går, er modig.
    Emphasis on “that film we saw yesterday”.

In your sentence, i filmen is natural because the movie is the one whose story we’re immediately talking about.

Is the word order “Skuespilleren i filmen er modig” fixed, or could I say “Skuespilleren er modig i filmen”?

Both are grammatical, but the focus changes.

  1. Skuespilleren i filmen er modig

    • The phrase i filmen is tightly attached to skuespilleren.
    • Meaning: The actor in the movie is brave (as opposed to the actor in another movie).
  2. Skuespilleren er modig i filmen

    • Now i filmen modifies the whole predicate er modig.
    • Meaning: The actor is brave in the movie (e.g. in real life he might not be brave).

So the word order is not strictly fixed, but it changes which part you’re describing with i filmen.

How do you pronounce tricky words like skuespilleren and alvorlig?

Very roughly (not IPA, just an approximation):

  • skuespillerenSKOO-uh-spil-uh-run

    • skue-: like skoo-uh (two syllables, the e is very weak)
    • -spill-: like spill in English, but with a shorter vowel
    • -eren: often something like uh-run, with a very soft, reduced ending
  • alvorligal-VOR-lee

    • al-: short al (like pal without the p)
    • -vor-: stressed, like vore in English (but shorter)
    • -lig: often sounds close to lee; the final g is very soft or almost absent in many accents

Regional accents vary, but these approximations will get you close enough to be understood.