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Hvad laver du i haven?

Hvad laver du i haven?
What are you doing in the garden?

Breakdown of Hvad laver du i haven?

i
in
haven
the garden
du
you
hvad
what
lave
to do
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Questions & Answers about Hvad laver du i haven?

Why does the sentence use laver? Does lave mean do or make?

In Danish, at lave is a very general verb that can mean both to do and to make, depending on context.

Examples:

  • Hvad laver du i haven? → What are you doing in the garden?
  • Jeg laver mad. → I’m making / cooking food.
  • Hvad laver du til daglig? → What do you do for a living?

Danish does not separate do and make as strictly as English; lave often covers both.

Why isn’t there a separate word for are like in English What are you doing in the garden?

Danish doesn’t use a special continuous -ing form like English.

  • English distinguishes:
    • I do vs I am doing
  • Danish has only one present tense form:
    • jeg laver can mean both I do and I am doing, depending on context.

So Hvad laver du i haven? can be translated as either What do you do in the garden? or What are you doing in the garden? depending on the situation, without changing the Danish.

Why is the word order Hvad laver du and not Hvad du laver?

Danish main clauses follow a verb-second (V2) rule: the conjugated verb normally comes in second position.

In a wh-question:

  1. Question word first: Hvad
  2. Verb second: laver
  3. Subject next: du

So:

  • Hvad laver du i haven? = correct main-clause question
  • Hvad du laver i haven looks like (part of) a subordinate clause and needs something before it, e.g.:
    • Jeg ved ikke, hvad du laver i haven.
      (I don’t know what you are doing in the garden.)
What is the difference between have, haven, and en have?

They are different forms of the same noun:

  • have = garden (basic form)
  • en have = a garden (indefinite, singular)
  • haven = the garden (definite, singular)

Danish usually attaches the definite article to the end of the noun:
en have → haven (a garden → the garden).

So i haven means in the garden (a specific garden that both speakers know about).

Why is it i haven and not på haven?

Both i and på can translate as in / on, but they’re used differently.

  • i is used for being in/inside an area or space:
    • i haven (in the garden)
    • i huset (in the house)
    • i skoven (in the forest)
  • på is used for many surfaces, islands, and fixed expressions:
    • på bordet (on the table)
    • på arbejde (at work)
    • på skolen (at the school)

A garden is treated as an area you are in, not on, so you say i haven.

How do you pronounce Hvad laver du i haven? The spelling looks tricky.

Approximate pronunciation (with rough guidance):

  • Hvad → /væð/ or /vɑð/
    • The h is silent; it starts with a v-sound.
  • laver → /ˈlæːvɐ/
    • Long æ (like a in cat, but longer); final -er is a weak -uh.
  • du → /du/ (like doo)
  • i → /i/ (like ee in see)
  • haven → often /ˈhæːʊ̯n/ or /ˈhæːvən/ depending on accent
    • The h is pronounced; -en is a weak ending.

Spoken fairly naturally, it might sound like:
[væð ˈlæːvɐ du i ˈhæːʊ̯n].

Is Hvad laver du i haven? formal or informal? When would I use du?

Du is the informal singular you and is used:

  • With friends, family, classmates, colleagues, children
  • In almost all everyday situations in modern Denmark

The formal De (capital D) is rare today and feels very formal or old-fashioned.

So Hvad laver du i haven? is the normal way to ask someone you know, or even a stranger, in everyday spoken Danish.

Can I say Hvad gør du i haven? instead? What’s the difference between gør and laver?

You can say Hvad gør du i haven?, but it’s less typical if you simply mean “What are you doing there?”

  • laver focuses on the activity you’re engaged in:
    • Hvad laver du i haven? = What are you up to / what are you doing there?
  • gør (from at gøre) is more general “do, act,” and often used in phrases like:
    • Hvad gør du? (What are you doing? / What do you do?)
    • Hvad gør vi nu? (What do we do now?)

In the context of everyday activities in the garden, Hvad laver du i haven? sounds the most natural.

Does Hvad laver du i haven? mean What do you do in the garden? (habit) or What are you doing in the garden? (right now)?

It can mean either, because Danish has only one present tense form.

You clarify with context or time expressions:

  • Habitual meaning:
    • Hvad laver du i haven om sommeren?
      → What do you do in the garden in the summer?
  • Right-now meaning:
    • Hvad laver du i haven lige nu?
      → What are you doing in the garden right now?

Without extra words, listeners use the situation to understand which meaning is intended.

Where do I put a time expression like today in this sentence?

A neutral place is after the place expression:

  • Hvad laver du i haven i dag?
    → What are you doing in the garden today?

General safe pattern:
Hvad + verb + subject + place + time
→ Hvad laver du i haven i dag?

You can sometimes front the time for emphasis in speech, but the version above is the most standard.

How would I say What are you not doing in the garden? Where does ikke (not) go?

In main clauses, ikke usually comes after the verb and subject.

Starting from Hvad laver du i haven?, you add ikke after du:

  • Hvad laver du ikke i haven?
    Literally: What do you not do in the garden?

Word order:

  1. Hvad (question word)
  2. laver (verb)
  3. du (subject)
  4. ikke (negation)
  5. i haven (place)