Ifølge planen kommer toget klokken otte.

Ifølge means according to.

So ifølge planen means according to the plan / according to the schedule.

It is a preposition, and it is commonly used when you are reporting information from some source:

• ifølge avisen = according to the newspaper
• ifølge læreren = according to the teacher
• ifølge planen = according to the plan

Planen means the plan, while en plan means a plan.

In this sentence, Danish uses the definite form because it refers to a specific plan or schedule that both speaker and listener can identify.

This is very common in Danish. The definite article is usually added as an ending:

• en plan = a plan
• planen = the plan

So ifølge planen literally means according to the plan.

This is because Danish has a V2 word order rule in main clauses. That means the finite verb usually comes in the second position.

Here, the sentence begins with ifølge planen, which takes the first position. Because of that, the verb kommer must come next, before the subject toget:

• Ifølge planen = first position
• kommer = second position
• toget = subject

So:

• Ifølge planen kommer toget klokken otte.

If you start with the subject instead, then the normal order is:

• Toget kommer klokken otte ifølge planen.

Both are possible, but the original sentence emphasizes according to the plan.

Yes. The basic meaning of kommer is comes, but in Danish it is also often used where English would say arrives, especially with transport and scheduled events.

So in this sentence:

• toget kommer klokken otte

naturally means:

• the train arrives at eight o’clock

This is very normal Danish.

Danish often uses the present tense for future events, especially when they are scheduled or certain.

So kommer is present tense, but it can still refer to the future:

• Toget kommer klokken otte. = The train arrives / is arriving at eight.

English does this too in some cases:

• The train leaves at 8.

So this is not strange in Danish at all.

Toget means the train.

The noun is:

• et tog = a train
• toget = the train

Because tog is a neuter noun (et word), the definite ending is -et.

Compare:

• en bil → bilen
• et tog → toget

Klokken otte means at eight o’clock.

Danish often uses klokken when giving clock times:

• klokken syv = at seven o’clock
• klokken otte = at eight o’clock
• klokken ni = at nine o’clock

Literally, klokken means the clock, but in this expression it functions like at ... o’clock.

Because Danish normally does not need a separate preposition there.

English says:

• at eight o’clock

Danish simply says:

• klokken otte

So the time expression works on its own, without an extra word before it.

Usually, no, not in the same neutral way.

For a specific clock time, standard Danish normally uses:

• klokken otte

Adding om changes the feel and is not the default way to say a scheduled exact time in a sentence like this.

So for this sentence, klokken otte is the natural choice.

Yes. In context, planen can mean something like the plan, the timetable, or the schedule.

With a train, many English speakers would understand it as:

• according to the schedule

Even though the Danish word is literally the plan, context makes the intended meaning clear.

A careful approximate pronunciation is:

ifølge planen kommer toget klokken otte
ee-FUL-yuh PLAY-nen KOM-er TOH-et KLOK-en OT-uh

A few useful notes:

• ifølge is tricky; the g is not pronounced like a hard English g
• kommer has a short o
• toget is roughly two syllables: TOH-et
• otte ends with a schwa-like sound, similar to a weak uh

If you want to sound natural, pay special attention to ifølge and toget, since those are often hard for learners.

Yes, that is grammatically correct.

The difference is mainly focus:

• Ifølge planen kommer toget klokken otte.
  = emphasizes according to the plan

• Toget kommer klokken otte ifølge planen.
  = starts more neutrally with the train

So the original version puts extra attention on the source of the information.