Formulář je na stole.

Because na stole expresses location: the form is on the table.

After na, Czech uses:

• locative for a fixed location: na stole = on the table
• accusative for movement toward a destination: na stůl = onto the table

So:

• Formulář je na stole. = The form is on the table.
• Dávám formulář na stůl. = I am putting the form onto the table.

Stole is the locative singular form of stůl (table).

The basic dictionary form is:

• stůl = table

But after na when it means on in the sense of location, Czech uses the locative:

• na stole = on the table

So stůl changes to stole because of the grammar, not because the meaning changes.

Formulář is in the nominative singular because it is the subject of the sentence.

In Formulář je na stole:

• Formulář = the thing being talked about
• je = is
• na stole = on the table

So the structure is basically:

• subject + verb + location

Je is the 3rd person singular present form of the verb být (to be).

So:

• já jsem = I am
• ty jsi = you are
• on/ona/ono je = he/she/it is

In this sentence, je means is:

• Formulář je na stole. = The form is on the table.

Normally, no in standard Czech. In the present tense, the verb být is usually expressed.

So:

• correct: Formulář je na stole.
• not standard: Formulář na stole.

Czech is different here from languages like Russian, where the present tense to be is often omitted.

Czech does not have articles like English a/an and the.

So formulář can mean:

• a form
• the form

And na stole can mean:

• on a table
• on the table

Which one is meant depends on context. In many simple examples, English uses the, but Czech does not need to mark that.

Formulář is masculine inanimate.

That matters because gender affects:

• adjective endings
• pronouns
• some verb forms in the past tense
• case endings

For this sentence, you do not see much change yet, but it is useful to learn the noun together with its gender:

• ten formulář = that form

Because na is used for being on a surface.

• na stole = on the table
• v stole would mean in the table, which usually does not make sense here
• u stolu means at/by the table, not on the table

So the preposition changes the spatial relationship:

• na = on
• v = in
• u = by / near / at

Yes. Czech word order is more flexible than English.

The neutral order here is:

• Formulář je na stole.

But you could also say:

• Na stole je formulář.

Both are grammatical. The difference is mainly focus:

• Formulář je na stole. = neutral, talking about the form
• Na stole je formulář. = emphasizes the location, or introduces what is there on the table

So Czech word order often reflects what is new, important, or emphasized.

Roughly: for-moo-laarzh

A few useful points:

• stress in Czech is almost always on the first syllable: FORmulář
• á is a long a
• ř is a special Czech sound, something like a mix of r and zh

If ř is difficult, that is completely normal. It is one of the hardest Czech sounds for learners.

It is a common kind of noun change, but you should learn it as part of the noun’s declension.

The noun is:

• stůl = table

In the locative singular:

• o stole
• na stole

So the vowel changes and the ending changes:

• stůl → stole

This is not something you can always predict perfectly from English, so it is best to memorize nouns together with a few common case forms.

Usually stůl means table, but in some contexts English might translate it as desk, depending on the furniture and situation.

For example:

• psací stůl = writing desk / desk
• kuchyňský stůl = kitchen table

So in a simple sentence like Formulář je na stole, the most direct translation is The form is on the table, but context could sometimes make desk natural in English.

In speech, you can emphasize formulář with your voice:

• FORMULÁŘ je na stole.

You can also use word order depending on context. Czech often uses sentence position to highlight information.

For example:

• Formulář je na stole. = neutral, or emphasis on formulář
• Na stole je formulář. = emphasis on the location or on what is there

So Czech uses both intonation and word order for emphasis.

Yes. That means:

• That form is on the table
• or sometimes The form is on the table, with a more specific or contrastive feeling

Adding ten makes the noun more specific or points to a particular form:

• Formulář je na stole. = The form / a form is on the table.
• Ten formulář je na stole. = That particular form is on the table.

So ten is not a normal article like English the, but it can sometimes help make a noun definite.

The sentence follows a very common Czech pattern:

• Formulář = subject in nominative
• je = form of být (to be)
• na stole = prepositional phrase showing location

So the pattern is:

noun + být + place

You can use the same pattern in many sentences:

• Kniha je na stole. = The book is on the table.
• Klíče jsou v tašce. = The keys are in the bag.
• Telefon je u počítače. = The phone is by the computer.