Ministerstvo má nový plán.

Because it is in the nominative case, which is the usual case for the subject in Czech.

In Ministerstvo má nový plán, the structure is:

• Ministerstvo = subject
• má = verb
• nový plán = direct object

So the sentence is built very much like English The ministry has a new plan.

Ministerstvo is neuter singular.

A useful clue is the ending -o. Many Czech nouns ending in -o are neuter, especially in the nominative singular.

So here:

• ministerstvo = neuter
• singular = one ministry

This matters because Czech grammar often depends on gender.

Má is the 3rd person singular form of the verb mít, which means to have.

Conjugation of mít in the present tense:

• já mám = I have
• ty máš = you have
• on/ona/ono má = he/she/it has
• my máme = we have
• vy máte = you have
• oni/ony/ona mají = they have

Since ministerstvo is a singular noun and works like it in English, Czech uses má.

Plán is the direct object, so it is in the accusative case.

However, for many masculine inanimate nouns in the singular, the accusative form is the same as the nominative form.

So:

• nominative: plán
• accusative: plán

That is why you do not see a visible change here, even though the case has changed grammatically.

The adjective nový has to agree with plán in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here, plán is:

• masculine inanimate
• singular
• accusative

For masculine inanimate singular accusative, the adjective form is nový.

So:

• nový plán = a new plan

If the noun were in a different case, the adjective would also change. For example:

• bez nového plánu = without a new plan

Czech normally does not use articles.

So Ministerstvo má nový plán can mean:

• The ministry has a new plan
• sometimes, depending on context, A ministry has a new plan

Usually the context tells you whether something is definite or indefinite.

This is very different from English, where a/an and the are required much more often.

Not as strictly as in English.

Ministerstvo má nový plán is the most neutral, straightforward order:

• subject + verb + object

But Czech word order is more flexible because case endings help show grammatical roles.

For example, you might also hear:

• Nový plán má ministerstvo.

This can sound more marked and may emphasize nový plán or fit a particular context.

So the default order is normal and safe for learners, but Czech can rearrange words for emphasis or information structure.

A rough pronunciation is:

MIN-iss-ter-stvo maa NO-vee plaan

A few important points:

• Czech stress is usually on the first syllable of each word:
  • MInisterstvo
  • má
  • NOvý
  • plán
• á is a long a
• ý is a long ee-like vowel
• plán has a long á too

So the long vowels in má, nový, and plán should be held a bit longer than short vowels.

They show vowel length.

In Czech, vowel length can change the word and is an important part of pronunciation. The accent mark does not show stress here; it shows that the vowel is long.

So:

• a = short
• á = long
• y = short
• ý = long

That means:

• má has a long á
• nový ends in long ý
• plán has a long á

In Czech, adjectives usually come before the noun they describe, just like in English.

So:

• nový plán = new plan
• velké ministerstvo = big ministry
• dobrý nápad = good idea

So this part of the sentence is pleasantly familiar for English speakers.

Usually it corresponds very closely to ministry, especially in government contexts.

For example:

• ministerstvo financí = Ministry of Finance
• ministerstvo školství = Ministry of Education

Depending on context, English might sometimes translate it a little differently, but ministry is the standard meaning.

Yes, and that is completely normal.

Czech usually does not need subject pronouns when the subject is already clear from the noun or verb form.

Here, ministerstvo is already stated, so you would not add ono.

In fact, adding ono would usually sound unnecessary unless you were emphasizing it for some special reason.

Yes, mít is generally treated as an imperfective verb, but in this sentence the most important thing is simply that it means to have in the present tense.

For a beginner, the key point is:

• má = has

Aspect matters a lot in Czech with many action verbs, but with mít in a sentence like this, you can mainly focus on its meaning and conjugation.