Bochník má kůrku a střídku.

Because they are in the accusative singular, used here for the direct objects of má (has).

The basic dictionary forms are:

• kůrka = crust
• střídka = the soft inside of bread, crumb

Both are feminine nouns ending in -a, and in the accusative singular they usually change -a to -u:

• kůrka → kůrku
• střídka → střídku

So:

• Bochník má kůrku a střídku.
  = A loaf has a crust and crumb/the inside.

Bochník is in the nominative singular, because it is the subject of the sentence.

In this sentence:

• Bochník = the loaf
• má = has
• kůrku a střídku = crust and crumb/interior

So the structure is:

• subject
  • verb
    • objects

Bochník means a loaf, especially a whole loaf of bread.

It is not exactly the same as chléb:

• chléb = bread
• bochník = a loaf (a whole bread loaf)

So bochník focuses more on the bread as a single shaped unit.

Střídka is a bread-specific word. It means the soft inner part of bread, often translated as:

• crumb
• the inside of the bread

So in this sentence, kůrka and střídka form a natural pair:

• kůrka = crust
• střídka = crumb / soft interior

A native English speaker may find crumb the closest bread term, though in everyday explanation inside is also helpful.

Because Czech often uses mít (to have) in simple descriptive sentences like this.

So:

• Bochník má kůrku a střídku.

literally means:

• A loaf has a crust and crumb.

In natural English, you might also say:

• A loaf consists of crust and crumb
• A loaf has a crust and a soft inside

But Czech commonly uses the straightforward verb mít here.

They are:

• bochník — masculine inanimate
• kůrka — feminine
• střídka — feminine

This matters because gender affects declension. For example, the feminine nouns kůrka and střídka change in the accusative singular to kůrku and střídku.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• Bochník ≈ BOKH-neek
• má ≈ maa
• kůrku ≈ KOOR-koo
• a ≈ ah
• střídku ≈ roughly STRZHEED-koo

A few useful notes:

• Czech stress is usually on the first syllable of each word.
• á, í, ů are long vowels.
• ř is a famously difficult Czech sound. In střídku, it is part of the cluster stř. Learners usually need time with this sound, so approximate pronunciation at first is normal.

Because Czech has no articles.

English distinguishes:

• a loaf
• the loaf

Czech does not use separate words like a or the. The meaning depends on context.

So Bochník má kůrku a střídku could mean:

• A loaf has a crust and crumb
• The loaf has a crust and crumb

Context tells you which one is meant.

Yes, Czech word order is more flexible than English, because case endings show grammatical roles.

The neutral word order here is:

• Bochník má kůrku a střídku.

That is the most natural basic version.

Other word orders are possible for emphasis, but they may sound marked or poetic. For a learner, the given order is the best one to use first.

Because the sentence is talking about the parts of a loaf in a general, whole-object sense:

• one loaf
• one crust
• one crumb/interior

Even though crumb can sound odd in English singular, Czech střídka naturally refers to the inner bread substance as a mass-like part of the loaf.

So singular is normal here.

Yes. A means and.

So:

• kůrku a střídku = crust and crumb

It is one of the most common Czech conjunctions.

The dictionary form is mít, which means to have.

Má is the 3rd person singular form:

• já mám = I have
• ty máš = you have
• on/ona/ono má = he/she/it has

So Bochník má... means The loaf has... or A loaf has...