Hydratace těsta je vysoká.

Because hydratace těsta means the hydration of the dough. After a noun like hydratace (hydration), Czech commonly uses the genitive case to show of what something is.

• těsto = dough
• těsta = of dough

So:

• Hydratace těsta = the hydration of the dough

This is very similar to English of dough, except Czech usually shows that relationship with a case ending instead of the word of.

Because it agrees with hydratace, which is a feminine singular noun.

In Czech, adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here:

• hydratace = feminine singular nominative
• so the adjective must also be feminine singular nominative: vysoká

Compare:

• vysoký = masculine
• vysoká = feminine
• vysoké = neuter

So vysoká matches hydratace, not těsta.

Because vysoká is part of the predicate and describes the subject hydratace těsta as a whole. The head noun of that subject is hydratace.

In hydratace těsta:

• hydratace is the main noun
• těsta only specifies what kind of hydration it is

So the sentence means:

• The dough hydration is high

It does not mean that the dough itself is high. The adjective belongs to hydratace, which is why it is feminine singular.

Je is the 3rd person singular present form of být (to be), so it means is.

• Hydratace těsta je vysoká.
• The dough hydration is high.

Unlike some other Slavic languages, Czech normally does use the present tense of to be in sentences like this.

So you usually need je here. Leaving it out would sound incomplete or non-standard in ordinary Czech.

Normally, no. In standard Czech, you usually keep je in present-tense sentences with a predicate adjective.

So:

• Hydratace těsta je vysoká. = normal
• Hydratace těsta vysoká. = not standard as a full neutral sentence

In headlines, notes, or very compressed styles, verbs may sometimes be omitted, but for normal speech and writing, je should stay.

It is a real Czech word, but it is somewhat technical and is often used in baking, food science, or nutrition contexts. It is clearly related to the international word hydration.

In baking, hydratace těsta usually refers to how much water there is in the dough, often as a percentage relative to flour.

So the sentence sounds natural especially in a baking context.

Yes. A very common alternative is:

• Těsto má vysokou hydrataci.

Literally:

• The dough has high hydration.

Both are correct. The difference is mostly stylistic:

• Hydratace těsta je vysoká. sounds a bit more technical or analytical.
• Těsto má vysokou hydrataci. may feel a bit more straightforward and conversational.

Because Czech does not have articles like a or the.

So Czech simply says:

• Hydratace těsta je vysoká.

Depending on context, that can mean:

• The dough hydration is high
• Dough hydration is high
• The hydration of the dough is high

English needs articles; Czech does not.

Here it is genitive singular of těsto (dough).

That can be confusing, because těsta can also be a plural form in other contexts. But in this sentence, the meaning and grammar show that it is singular:

• hydratace těsta = hydration of dough / of the dough

So here it is not doughs. It is of dough.

Yes, Czech word order is more flexible than English. The neutral order here is:

• Hydratace těsta je vysoká.

This is the most straightforward way to present the information.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Vysoká je hydratace těsta.
• Hydratace těsta vysoká je. (more marked, stylistic, or poetic)

For a learner, the best version to use is the original one:

• Hydratace těsta je vysoká.

Not here. Vysoký / vysoká / vysoké can mean high or tall, depending on context.

With something measurable like hydratace, it means high:

• vysoká hydratace = high hydration

With a person or building, it would usually mean tall:

• vysoký muž = a tall man
• vysoká budova = a tall/high building

So the exact English translation depends on what noun it describes.

A careful approximate pronunciation is:

HY-dra-ta-tse TYES-ta ye VEE-so-kaa

A few useful points:

• Czech stress is normally on the first syllable of each word.
• hydratace is pronounced roughly hydratace, with c pronounced like ts
• tě in těsta sounds roughly like tye
• je sounds like ye
• vysoká has long á at the end

If you want to sound natural, keep the stress steady and do not over-stress later syllables the way English sometimes does.