Soutěžící odevzdal odpovědní arch, aniž by uhodl bonusovou otázku.

without doing; without ... happening

Breakdown of Soutěžící odevzdal odpovědní arch, aniž by uhodl bonusovou otázku.

• soutěžící: the contestant
• odpovědní arch: the answer sheet
• bonusová otázka: the bonus question

Questions & Answers about Soutěžící odevzdal odpovědní arch, aniž by uhodl bonusovou otázku.

Is soutěžící singular or plural here, and how do we know?

By itself, soutěžící can be a bit ambiguous: it can be singular or plural, depending on context.

Here we know it is singular because of the verb odevzdal, which is 3rd person singular masculine.

So this sentence means one contestant, and specifically a male contestant. If it were a female contestant, you would get odevzdala.

Why does odevzdal end in -l? How does the past tense work here?

In Czech, the past tense is built with an -l form of the verb.

For odevzdat meaning to hand in / submit, the masculine singular past form is odevzdal.

In the 3rd person, Czech does not add a separate auxiliary word like English has or did. So:

• odevzdal = he handed in
• odevzdala = she handed in
• odevzdali = they handed in

In contrast, 1st and 2nd person do use extra words:

• odevzdal jsem = I handed in
• odevzdal jsi = you handed in

Why is it odevzdal and not an imperfective form like odevzdával?