Adresu trvalého pobytu zaevidujeme v informačním systému evidence obyvatel.

Because adresu is the accusative singular form of adresa.

In this sentence, adresu is the direct object of the verb zaevidujeme, so Czech uses the accusative case. For feminine nouns ending in -a, the accusative singular often ends in -u:

• adresa = address
• adresu = address (as the object)

So this is the same kind of change as in:

• Mám knihu. = I have a book.
• Vidím sestru. = I see my sister.

Because trvalého pobytu depends on adresu and means of permanent residence.

The structure is basically:

• adresa trvalého pobytu = address of permanent residence

Here, pobyt is a noun, and trvalého is an adjective describing it. Both are in the genitive singular because they answer the question address of what?

• pobyt = stay, residence
• trvalý pobyt = permanent residence
• trvalého pobytu = of permanent residence

This is also an important administrative term in Czech. Trvalý pobyt is an official legal registration status, not always exactly the place where someone is physically living at the moment.

It is built into the verb zaevidujeme.

Czech verbs usually show the subject through their endings, so a separate pronoun is often unnecessary.

• zaevidujeme = we will register / we will record

The ending -me tells you it is 1st person plural: we.

You could add my for emphasis, but normally Czech leaves it out:

• My zaevidujeme... = We will register...
• Zaevidujeme... = We will register...

The second version is more natural unless you want special emphasis.

Zaevidujeme comes from zaevidovat, which means something like:

• to register
• to record officially
• to enter into records
• to log into a system

It sounds administrative and official. It is not just write down in a casual sense.

The prefix za- often gives the idea of completing an action, so zaevidovat suggests successfully entering something into a record or system.

A related verb is evidovat, which is the imperfective form and refers more to the process or ongoing record-keeping.

Because it is a perfective verb.

In Czech, perfective verbs usually do not describe an ongoing present action. Their present-tense forms normally refer to a future completed action.

So:

• zaevidujeme = we will register / we will enter into the records

not:

• we are registering

If you wanted an actual present/process meaning, Czech would use an imperfective verb, for example:

• evidujeme = we are recording / we record

This is a very important Czech pattern:

• imperfective present = present or habitual action
• perfective present form = future meaning

Because the preposition v means in, and when it expresses location, it takes the locative case.

So:

• v systému = in the system

The adjective must agree with the noun, so:

• informační systém = information system
• v informačním systému = in the information system

Both words are in the locative singular here.

This is a standard pattern:

• v domě = in the house
• v obchodě = in the shop
• v systému = in the system

Yes, but it would shift the focus slightly.

• v informačním systému focuses on the place where the record exists: in the information system
• do informačního systému focuses more on movement or insertion: into the information system

In real administrative Czech, both kinds of wording can appear depending on what the writer wants to emphasize. In your sentence, v informačním systému presents the system as the location where the address will be recorded.

No. This is a classic false friend.

Czech evidence usually means:

• records
• registry
• registration
• record-keeping system

It does not usually mean English evidence in the sense of proof in a legal or logical argument.

For English evidence/proof, Czech commonly uses words like:

• důkaz = proof, piece of evidence
• důkazy = evidence (plural), proofs

So evidence obyvatel is about a registry of residents, not proof about residents.

Here obyvatel is in the genitive plural after evidence.

The phrase means roughly:

• evidence obyvatel = registry/records of residents

A learner may expect something like obyvatelů, but obyvatel is one of those nouns whose genitive plural can have a zero ending, so the form looks unchanged.

Compare:

• obyvatel = inhabitant, resident
• obyvatelé = inhabitants, residents
• evidence obyvatel = records of residents

So although the form looks simple, its function here is genitive plural.

Yes, it is normal, especially in official or administrative style.

Czech word order is much more flexible than English word order. Starting with Adresu trvalého pobytu puts that information first as the topic of the sentence.

So the sentence structure is roughly:

• Adresu trvalého pobytu = as for the permanent-residence address...
• zaevidujeme = we will register it
• v informačním systému evidence obyvatel = in the population records information system

A different order is also possible, for example:

• Zaevidujeme adresu trvalého pobytu v informačním systému evidence obyvatel.

That is also grammatical, but the given order sounds very natural in bureaucratic language.

Because Czech has no articles.

Unlike English, Czech does not normally use separate words for the or a/an. Whether something is definite or indefinite is understood from context.

So adresu trvalého pobytu could correspond to:

• the permanent-residence address
• a permanent-residence address

depending on the situation.

In an administrative sentence like this, the context usually makes it clear which address is meant, so no article is needed.