Kancelářská židle má opěrku zad.

• kancelářská = office / office-related
• židle = chair
• má = has
• opěrku = backrest or literally support/rest
• zad = of the back

So the sentence means The office chair has a backrest.

Literally, it is something like Office chair has a support of the back.

Because židle is a feminine singular noun, and adjectives in Czech must agree with the noun they describe.

So:

• kancelářský = masculine
• kancelářská = feminine
• kancelářské = neuter

Since židle is feminine, the adjective must also be feminine:

• kancelářská židle = office chair

This is a very important rule in Czech: adjectives change their endings to match the noun’s gender, number, and case.

Židle is in the nominative singular.

It is the subject of the sentence:

• Kancelářská židle = The office chair

In Czech, the subject of a normal sentence is usually in the nominative.

Because opěrku is the accusative singular form of opěrka.

The verb mít means to have, and what you have is the direct object, which usually goes in the accusative.

So:

• nominative: opěrka
• accusative: opěrku

Compare:

• To je opěrka. = That is a backrest.
• Židle má opěrku. = The chair has a backrest.

This is a very common pattern:

• mít + accusative

Záda means back in Czech, but it is a special noun that is normally used only in the plural.

In the phrase opěrka zad, zad is the genitive plural form of záda.

So:

• záda = back (dictionary form, grammatically plural)
• zad = of the back

This is why opěrka zad literally means back support or support for the back.

English uses back as a normal singular noun, but Czech uses záda as a plural-only noun, so the grammar works differently.

Because opěrka zad is a noun phrase where one noun describes another.

This is very common in Czech:

• opěrka zad = backrest / literally rest/support of the back
• dveře auta = car door / literally door of the car
• barva domu = color of the house

In Czech, English compounds like backrest, car door, or house color are often expressed with:

• noun + genitive noun

So zad is genitive because it depends on opěrka.

Má is the 3rd person singular form of the verb mít (to have).

Conjugation of mít in the present tense:

• já mám = I have
• ty máš = you have
• on/ona/ono má = he/she/it has
• my máme = we have
• vy máte = you have
• oni/ony mají = they have

Since kancelářská židle is it / the chair, Czech uses:

• má = has

Yes. It is a fairly fixed and natural Czech expression for backrest.

Even though you can analyze it literally as:

• opěrka = support/rest
• zad = of the back

you should learn opěrka zad as a common phrase.

Czech often builds everyday object names this way:

• opěrka hlavy = headrest
• opěrka rukou or loketní opěrka = armrest
• sedák = seat part of a chair

So opěrka zad is both grammatically understandable and a standard expression.

Yes, Czech word order is more flexible than English because cases show grammatical roles.

The neutral word order here is:

• Kancelářská židle má opěrku zad.

But other orders are possible, depending on emphasis, for example:

• Opěrku zad má kancelářská židle.
• Má kancelářská židle opěrku zad? = Does the office chair have a backrest?

Even though other orders are possible, the original version is the most natural basic statement.

Because Czech has no articles.

So Czech does not have separate words for:

• a
• an
• the

Whether something means a chair or the chair depends on context.

So:

• Kancelářská židle má opěrku zad.

could be understood as:

• The office chair has a backrest or
• An office chair has a backrest

In practice, context tells you which meaning is intended.

A rough English-friendly guide:

• kancelářská ≈ kan-tse-LAARZH-skaa
• židle ≈ ZHI-dleh
• má ≈ maa
• opěrku ≈ o-PYER-koo
• zad ≈ zaht

A few useful notes:

• ž sounds like the s in measure
• ř is a special Czech sound; in kancelářská many learners approximate it as something like rzh
• á is a long vowel
• ě often affects the previous consonant and is not pronounced exactly like plain e

A natural stress pattern in Czech puts the main stress on the first syllable of each word:

• KANcelářská
• ŽIDle
• MÁ
• Opěrku
• ZAD

In this sentence, kancelářská židle is the normal phrase for office chair.

It comes from:

• kancelář = office

Then the adjective is formed:

• kancelářský / kancelářská / kancelářské = office-related

So:

• kancelářská židle = office chair

You may also see other adjectives in Czech that translate to office in different contexts, but for a chair, kancelářská židle is standard and natural.

The plural would be:

• Kancelářské židle mají opěrku zad. = Office chairs have a backrest.

Changes:

• kancelářská → kancelářské because židle is now plural
• židle stays židle in the nominative plural
• má → mají because the subject is plural
• opěrku zad can stay the same if you mean each chair has a backrest

If you wanted plural backrests, you could also say:

• Kancelářské židle mají opěrky zad.

Both can make sense depending on what exactly you want to emphasize.