To je politická otázka.

• To = this / that / it in a very general, neutral sense
• je = is
• politická = political
• otázka = question

So the structure is:

To + je + politická otázka
= That/It is a political question

Grammatically, politická otázka is the predicate noun phrase after je.

To is often used in Czech as a neutral pointing word in sentences like:

• To je problém. = That is a problem.
• To je pravda. = That is true.
• To je politická otázka. = That is a political question.

A learner may expect ta because otázka is feminine, but to here does not have to agree with otázka. It refers more generally to that thing / that matter / this situation.

Compare:

• To je politická otázka. = That is a political question.
• Ta otázka je politická. = That question is political.

In the second sentence, ta directly modifies otázka, so it must match its feminine gender.

Because it agrees with otázka, which is a feminine singular noun.

In Czech, adjectives usually match the noun in:

• gender
• number
• case

Since otázka is feminine singular, the adjective takes the feminine singular form:

• masculine: politický
• feminine: politická
• neuter: politické

So:

• politický problém = a political problem
• politická otázka = a political question
• politické téma = a political topic

Otázka is feminine.

A very common clue is the ending -a: many Czech nouns ending in -a are feminine.

Examples:

• otázka = question
• škola = school
• kniha = book

There are exceptions in Czech, but -a is a strong beginner-level clue for feminine nouns.

It is in the nominative singular.

In a sentence with to je ..., the noun after je is very often in the nominative:

• To je učitel.
• To je dům.
• To je otázka.

So in To je politická otázka, both politická and otázka are nominative singular feminine.

Czech has no articles.

So Czech does not have direct equivalents of English a, an, and the in normal usage. Whether the meaning is indefinite or definite is understood from context.

That means politická otázka can mean:

• a political question
• the political question

In this sentence, English usually translates it as a political question, but Czech itself does not mark that difference with an article.

No, Czech word order is more flexible than English word order, although the neutral order here is very natural:

• To je politická otázka.

You may also hear other orders for emphasis, for example:

• To je otázka politická.
  This sounds marked or stylistic, often more formal or contrastive.

• Politická otázka to je.
  This is possible, but it gives special emphasis and is less neutral.

For a learner, To je politická otázka. is the safest and most natural version.

A simple approximate pronunciation for English speakers is:

to yeh po-lee-TI-tskaa O-taahs-ka

A few important points:

• j in Czech is pronounced like English y in yes
• c in Czech is pronounced like ts
• á is a long vowel
• stress is usually on the first syllable of each Czech word

So roughly:

• To → to
• je → ye
• politická → PO-li-tic-ká
• otázka → O-táz-ka

Even though á is long, the main stress still stays on the first syllable.

The accent mark ´ in Czech usually shows that the vowel is longer:

• a vs á
• i vs í

So:

• politická has a long á
• otázka has a long á

This length matters in Czech pronunciation and can sometimes distinguish words, so it is important not to ignore it.

In standard Czech, yes, in a sentence like this you normally use je.

• To je politická otázka. = correct
• To politická otázka. = not standard Czech

Czech does sometimes omit to be in very informal speech, headlines, notes, or certain special styles, but learners should definitely use je here.

Yes, but it is less neutral.

Putting the adjective after the noun can sound:

• more formal
• more literary
• more contrastive
• sometimes rhetorical

So:

• To je politická otázka. = normal, neutral
• To je otázka politická. = marked, stylistic

For everyday Czech, the normal adjective-before-noun order is best.

Yes, very often.

In Czech, to je ... is used not only for visible objects but also for:

• ideas
• situations
• statements
• problems
• questions

For example:

• To je pravda. = That is true.
• To je problém. = That is a problem.
• To je důležitá otázka. = That is an important question.

So in To je politická otázka, to can refer to a topic, issue, problem, or situation being discussed.