Obec má nový úřad.

Obec usually means municipality, village, or local community/commune, depending on context. Grammatically, it is a feminine singular noun.

That matters because in Czech, nouns have gender, and gender affects agreement and sometimes case endings.

Má is the 3rd person singular form of the verb mít = to have.

So:

• mám = I have
• máš = you have
• má = he/she/it has

Since obec is a singular subject, the verb must also be singular: obec má = the municipality has.

Because úřad is a masculine inanimate noun, and the adjective must agree with it.

So:

• nový úřad = masculine inanimate singular
• nová would be feminine
• nové would be neuter
• novou is a feminine accusative form

Since úřad is masculine inanimate, nový is the correct form.

It is in the accusative singular, because it is the direct object of má.

The sentence structure is:

• Obec = subject
• má = verb
• nový úřad = direct object

A useful detail: for masculine inanimate nouns, the accusative singular often looks the same as the nominative singular. That is why you see nový úřad rather than a visibly different ending.

Good question. In this sentence, you mainly rely on normal Czech word order and meaning.

The default order here is:

• Obec = subject
• má = verb
• nový úřad = object

So Czech speakers naturally read it as The municipality has a new office.

In theory, forms alone do not fully disambiguate this sentence, because:

• obec has the same form in nominative and accusative singular
• úřad also has the same form in nominative and accusative singular

So here, word order and common sense do the job.

Because Czech does not have articles like English.

So nový úřad can mean:

• a new office
• the new office

Which one is meant depends on context. In a basic isolated sentence like this, English usually translates it as a new office.

Usually not. Úřad normally means an administrative office, government office, or authority/institution.

So it is closer to:

• municipal office
• government office
• administrative authority

If you mean an office as a room or workplace, Czech often uses other words, such as kancelář.

Yes. Czech word order is more flexible than English, because case endings help show grammatical roles.

For example, you may also hear:

• Nový úřad má obec.

This is still understandable, but it sounds more marked or emphatic, as if you are stressing new office.

The neutral, most straightforward version is:

• Obec má nový úřad.

That is the best version for a learner to use first.

• ú is a long u sound, so you hold it a bit longer than a short u
• ř is the famous Czech sound that is difficult for many learners; it is somewhat like a rolled/trilled r combined with a zh-like sound

Very roughly, úřad sounds something like oo-rzhat, but that is only an approximation.

Also remember that Czech stress is normally on the first syllable, so:

• Úřad

The sentence as a whole is stressed roughly like:

• OBec má NOvý Úřad

No. That would mean:

• The office is new.

So the structure changes the meaning:

• Obec má nový úřad. = The municipality has a new office.
• Úřad je nový. = The office is new.

In the original sentence, nový úřad is a noun phrase functioning as the object. In Úřad je nový, nový is a predicate adjective after je = is.