Titulky jsou české.

In this sentence, titulky means subtitles. The singular form is titulek.

Depending on context, titulek can also mean things like caption or headline, but with video or film, titulky is very commonly understood as subtitles.

No. Titulky is the plural of titulek, and titulek is a masculine inanimate noun.

This is a very common beginner issue: in Czech, a plural ending like -y does not automatically tell you the gender of the noun. To know the gender, you usually look at the singular dictionary form, which here is titulek.

Jsou is the 3rd person plural present form of být, meaning to be. It means are.

So:

• titulky = subtitles
• jsou = are
• české = Czech

In standard Czech, you normally keep this verb, so Titulky české would not be a normal complete sentence.

Because Czech adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in gender, number, and case.

Here, titulky is:

• plural
• masculine inanimate
• nominative

So the adjective must match that, and the correct form is české.

The form český is singular masculine, so it would not match titulky.

Both are in the nominative plural.

• Titulky is nominative because it is the subject of the sentence.
• České is also nominative because it is a predicate adjective used with být.

So the structure is basically:

• subject
  • to be
    • adjective

Because Czech does not have articles like the or a/an.

So Titulky jsou české can mean The subtitles are Czech or, depending on context, simply Subtitles are Czech. In real use, the context tells you which meaning is intended.

Here it means Czech in the sense of Czech-language.

So Titulky jsou české means the subtitles are Czech subtitles, or the subtitles are in Czech.

If you want to make the language idea extra explicit, Czech can also say Titulky jsou v češtině, which means The subtitles are in Czech.

Not exactly.

• České titulky = Czech subtitles
  This is just a noun phrase, not a full sentence.

• Titulky jsou české = The subtitles are Czech
  This is a full sentence.

So both involve the same words, but they do different jobs.

To some extent, yes. Czech word order is more flexible than English, but the neutral, most straightforward order here is:

Titulky jsou české.

If you change the order, the meaning usually stays similar, but the emphasis changes. For example, putting české earlier can make Czech more strongly stressed. For a learner, the safest normal version is the original one.