Mám nový důkaz.

Mám means I have. Its dictionary form is mít, which means to have.

So:

• mít = to have
• mám = I have

This is the 1st person singular present tense form. It is a very common verb, and it is somewhat irregular, so it is worth memorizing:

• mám = I have
• máš = you have
• má = he/she/it has

In Czech, subject pronouns are often omitted because the verb ending already shows who the subject is.

Here, mám clearly means I have, so já is unnecessary.

You could say:

• Já mám nový důkaz.

But that usually adds emphasis, like:

• I have new evidence.
  or
• I do have new evidence.

The neutral, everyday version is simply:

• Mám nový důkaz.

Důkaz is in the accusative case, because it is the direct object of mám.

You are having something, and that something is nový důkaz.

So:

• mám co? = nový důkaz

That is why Czech uses the accusative here.

Because důkaz is a masculine inanimate noun, and for many masculine inanimate nouns, the nominative and accusative singular are identical.

So:

• nominative: důkaz
• accusative: důkaz

That is completely normal.

If it were a masculine animate noun, the accusative would often look different.

The adjective must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

Here:

• důkaz is masculine
• singular
• accusative
• and also inanimate

So the adjective takes the matching form:

• nový důkaz

This form happens to look the same as the masculine singular nominative form, because masculine inanimate accusative often matches nominative.

Compare:

• nový důkaz = a new proof / evidence
• nová kniha = a new book
• nové auto = a new car

It most directly means proof, but in many contexts it can also be translated as evidence.

The exact English choice depends on context:

• důkaz can be something that proves a claim
• in legal or investigative contexts, it may be translated as evidence

So Mám nový důkaz could mean:

• I have new proof
• I have a new piece of evidence

A learner should just remember that důkaz is a word used for something that supports or proves something.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

• Mám ≈ maahm
• nový ≈ no-vee
• důkaz ≈ doo-kahs

A few important points:

• á is a long vowel
• ý is a long ee sound
• ů is a long oo sound
• Czech stress is usually on the first syllable of each word

So the stress pattern is roughly:

• MÁM
• NO-vý
• DŮ-kaz

In modern Czech pronunciation, ů is pronounced the same as long ú: a long oo sound.

So:

• důkaz sounds roughly like doo-kahs

For learners, the main thing is pronunciation. The spelling difference between ů and ú is mostly historical and orthographic, not a difference in modern sound.

Czech has no articles. There is no direct equivalent of English a/an or the in normal usage.

So:

• Mám nový důkaz. can mean
  • I have a new proof
  • I have the new proof
  • I have new evidence

Context tells you which meaning is intended.

This is a very common adjustment for English speakers learning Czech.

No, Czech word order is more flexible than English word order because case endings show grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• Mám nový důkaz.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Nový důkaz mám.
  This can emphasize new evidence.
• Důkaz nový mám.
  This sounds marked or literary and is less neutral.

So the given sentence is the most natural everyday version.

Grammatically, Czech allows unusual word orders, but Mám důkaz nový is not the normal neutral phrasing.

In ordinary speech, adjectives usually stand before the noun:

• nový důkaz

So the best form to learn first is:

• Mám nový důkaz.

If word order changes, it usually creates special emphasis, contrast, or a more literary tone.

You would negate mám by adding ne-:

• Nemám nový důkaz. = I do not have new evidence.

This is a very common Czech pattern:

• mám = I have
• nemám = I do not have

The rest of the phrase stays the same here.

The plural would be:

• Mám nové důkazy.

Here both words change:

• důkaz → důkazy
• nový → nové

That is because the adjective still has to agree with the noun.

So:

• singular: Mám nový důkaz.
• plural: Mám nové důkazy.