Hadřík je na stole.

Because na means on here in the sense of location, and Czech uses the locative case after na when something is in a place / on a place.

• dictionary form: stůl = table
• after na for location: na stole = on the table

So:

• Hadřík je na stole. = The cloth is on the table.

This is a very common pattern:

• na stole = on the table
• na židli = on the chair
• na zemi = on the ground

It is the locative singular form of stůl.

After na, Czech can use two different cases:

• locative for location: where something is
• accusative for direction: where something is going

So compare:

• na stole = on the table
• na stůl = onto the table

In your sentence, the cloth is already there, so Czech uses na stole.

Czech normally does not use articles.

English distinguishes:

• a cloth
• the cloth

Czech usually just says hadřík, and the exact meaning depends on context.

So Hadřík je na stole. could mean:

• A cloth is on the table
• The cloth is on the table

The situation tells you which one is meant.

Je is the 3rd person singular form of the verb být = to be.

So:

• je = is

In this sentence:

• Hadřík je na stole.
• literally: Cloth is on table.

Unlike in some languages, standard Czech normally does keep the present-tense form of to be in ordinary sentences like this.

In normal standard Czech, no—not in a full sentence like this.

So:

• correct: Hadřík je na stole.
• not normal as a complete standard sentence: Hadřík na stole.

You may see the verb omitted in notes, headlines, labels, or very informal fragments, but a learner should treat je as necessary here.

Yes. Czech word order is more flexible than English.

You can say:

• Hadřík je na stole.
• Na stole je hadřík.

Both are grammatical.

The difference is mainly focus:

• Hadřík je na stole. → starts with the cloth
• Na stole je hadřík. → starts with on the table, often introducing what is there

So the sentence can be rearranged depending on what you want to emphasize.

Hadřík is masculine inanimate.

Yes, gender matters in Czech because it affects:

• adjective endings
• pronouns
• some verb forms in the past tense
• case endings

For this sentence, the important thing is mostly that hadřík is a masculine noun in its basic form.

Also, stůl is masculine inanimate too.

Hadřík often has a diminutive feel.

It usually means something like:

• a little cloth
• a rag
• a cleaning cloth

The ending -ík often makes a noun sound smaller, more familiar, or more concrete.

So hadřík is not the most neutral possible word for every kind of cloth; it often suggests a small practical cloth or rag.

A simple learner-friendly guide:

• Hadřík ≈ HA-dzheek
• je ≈ ye
• na ≈ na
• stole ≈ STO-le

A few key points:

• Czech stress is usually on the first syllable of each word:
  • HAdřík
  • JE
  • NA
  • STOle
• í is a long vowel, so -řík is pronounced with a long ee sound.
• j in Czech sounds like English y in yes.

This is one of the hardest Czech sounds for English speakers.

Ř / ř is a special Czech sound, something like a mix of:

• r
• and a zh / sh-like friction

In hadřík, it is the voiced version, because it comes before í.

You do not need to master it immediately. At first, an approximation is fine. Many learners say something between:

• rzh
• or a softened zh

A practical tip: try saying a rolled or tapped r, while adding the buzzing sound of zh as in measure.

It takes practice, and even advanced learners often work on it for a long time.

The dictionary form is stůl.

When you look words up, Czech dictionaries usually list the nominative singular, which is the basic form:

• stůl = table

In your sentence, it appears as:

• stole = locative singular

So if you want to memorize vocabulary, learn:

• stůl
• na stole

This helps you remember both the basic noun and the common case form.

Because na means on, while v means in.

So:

• na stole = on the table
• ve stole or more naturally v stole would mean in the table / inside the table, which is a completely different idea

Czech chooses the preposition based on the real spatial relationship, just like English does here.

Na stůl means onto the table.

This shows movement toward the table surface, not location on it.

Compare:

• Hadřík je na stole. = The cloth is on the table.
• Dám hadřík na stůl. = I’ll put the cloth onto the table.

So:

• na stole = where?
• na stůl = to where?

That difference is extremely important in Czech.