Vysavač je nový.

Czech usually does not use articles.

So vysavač can mean:

• a vacuum cleaner
• the vacuum cleaner

The exact meaning depends on context. If you want to make it more specific, Czech can use words like ten meaning something like that/the in context:

• Ten vysavač je nový. = That/The vacuum cleaner is new.

But in a basic sentence, leaving the article out is completely normal.

Je means is. It is the 3rd person singular form of být = to be.

So:

• vysavač = vacuum cleaner
• je = is
• nový = new

In standard Czech, you normally do need je in this kind of sentence.

• Vysavač je nový. = standard and normal
• Vysavač nový. = not a normal full sentence in standard everyday Czech

Czech often drops subject pronouns like on = he, but it does not normally drop the verb to be in sentences like this.

Because Czech adjectives must agree with the noun they describe.

Vysavač is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

So the adjective also has to be masculine singular nominative:

• nový

This is called agreement.

For comparison:

• masculine singular: nový vysavač
• feminine singular: nová pračka = new washing machine
• neuter singular: nové auto = new car
• plural: nové vysavače = new vacuum cleaners

Vysavač is masculine inanimate.

In Czech, every noun has a grammatical gender:

• masculine
• feminine
• neuter

And masculine nouns are often split into:

• masculine animate
• masculine inanimate

A vacuum cleaner is a thing, not a person or animal, so it is masculine inanimate.

That affects adjective forms and some case endings.

It is in the nominative case.

Why?

Because vysavač is the subject of the sentence, and the subject is usually in the nominative.

Also, nový is in the nominative too, because it is describing the subject through the verb je.

So the structure is basically:

• subject in nominative: vysavač
• verb: je
• predicate adjective in nominative: nový

A rough pronunciation is:

VIH-sah-vach

A few useful points:

• Czech stress is usually on the first syllable: VYsavač
• č sounds like ch in church
• the a sounds are simple, like a in father
• y in Czech is not the English y sound; it is a short vowel

A more careful breakdown:

• vy
• sa
• vač

If you are just starting, saying something close to VIH-sah-vach will usually be understood.

The accent mark shows that the vowel is long.

So:

• y = short vowel
• ý = long vowel

That means the last vowel in nový is held a little longer.

Czech vowel length matters, so accents are important in both spelling and pronunciation.

Czech word order is more flexible than English, but different orders change the emphasis.

The neutral order is:

• Vysavač je nový.

If you say:

• Nový je vysavač.

it sounds marked or contrastive, as if you are emphasizing new or contrasting the vacuum cleaner with something else.

For example, it might feel like:

• The vacuum cleaner is the new one
• or It’s the vacuum cleaner that’s new

So yes, other word orders are possible, but Vysavač je nový is the most natural basic version.

Yes. If the adjective is directly attached to the noun, it usually comes before it:

• nový vysavač = a new vacuum cleaner

But in your sentence:

• Vysavač je nový.

the adjective comes after the verb because it is part of the predicate: is new.

So compare:

• nový vysavač = a new vacuum cleaner
• vysavač je nový = the vacuum cleaner is new

Yes.

Ten vysavač je nový means something like:

• That vacuum cleaner is new
• The vacuum cleaner is new

Adding ten makes the noun more definite or points to a specific object in the situation.

So:

• Vysavač je nový. = neutral, general context-dependent
• Ten vysavač je nový. = more specific, pointing out a particular vacuum cleaner

The plural would be:

• Vysavače jsou nové. = The vacuum cleaners are new.

Changes:

• vysavač → vysavače = plural noun
• je → jsou = are
• nový → nové = plural adjective form

This is a good example of how both the verb and adjective change to match the noun.