Šatna je malá.

Šatna is feminine.

A useful clue is the ending -a. In Czech, many nouns ending in -a are feminine. Because šatna is feminine, any adjective describing it must also use a feminine form, which is why you get malá and not malý or malé.

Because the adjective has to agree with the noun.

Since šatna is:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative

the adjective must also be:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative

So:

• masculine: malý
• feminine: malá
• neuter: malé

That is one of the most important patterns in Czech grammar: adjectives change their endings to match the noun.

Je is the 3rd person singular form of the verb být = to be.

So:

• jsem = I am
• jsi/jseš = you are
• je = he/she/it is

In Šatna je malá, je means is.

In a normal present-tense sentence like this, no: you usually keep je.

So the standard sentence is:

• Šatna je malá.

Leaving it out would sound incomplete in ordinary speech. You may occasionally see omission in headlines, notes, or very compressed styles, but for normal Czech, learners should use je.

Czech does not have articles like English a/an and the.

So Šatna je malá can mean:

• The changing room is small
• A changing room is small

Which one is meant depends on context.

If Czech speakers want to be more specific, they can use words like:

• ta šatna = that/the changing room
• jedna šatna = one/a certain changing room

But in many sentences, no article is needed.

Šatna is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence.

In this sentence:

• šatna = the thing being talked about
• je malá = what is being said about it

The adjective malá is also in the nominative here, because after být in this kind of sentence, Czech normally uses the nominative adjective form.

The most neutral, basic word order is:

• Šatna je malá.

Czech word order is more flexible than English, but changing it usually changes the focus or emphasis.

For example:

• Šatna je malá. = neutral statement
• Malá je šatna. = marked, unusual; it puts emphasis on small
• Je malá šatna. = possible in special contexts, but not the normal way to say this sentence

As a learner, use Šatna je malá as the standard pattern.

A simple guide:

• š sounds like sh in shoe
• a is like a in father
• á is a long version of a

So approximately:

• šatna ≈ SHAT-na
• malá ≈ ma-LAA, though Czech stress is still on the first syllable

Important pronunciation points:

• Czech stress is usually on the first syllable
• The mark in á shows vowel length, not stress

So malá has first-syllable stress, but the final á is held longer.

The accent mark in á shows that the vowel is long.

So:

• a = short
• á = long

In Czech, vowel length can matter, so it is important to pronounce and spell it correctly. The accent is not optional.

Yes. That is a perfectly natural sentence.

• Šatna je malá. = neutral, general
• Ta šatna je malá. = That/The changing room is small, with more emphasis on a specific one

Ta is a demonstrative word meaning that and often functioning somewhat like the in context.

They would change mainly in the adjective.

Examples:

• Pokoj je malý. = The room is small.
  (pokoj is masculine, so malý)

• Auto je malé. = The car is small.
  (auto is neuter, so malé)

This helps show the agreement pattern:

• feminine: malá
• masculine: malý
• neuter: malé

Yes, šatna is singular.

The plural is šatny.

So:

• Šatna je malá. = The changing room is small.
• Šatny jsou malé. = The changing rooms are small.

Notice that both the verb and the adjective change in the plural:

• je → jsou
• malá → malé

No. Czech normally does not need a subject pronoun when the subject noun is already there.

So:

• Šatna je malá. is complete and natural.

Adding ona would usually sound unnecessary unless you are contrasting or emphasizing something:

• Šatna je malá, ale ona je světlá.
  = The changing room is small, but it is bright.

In ordinary sentences, just using the noun is enough.