Moje figurka je červená.

• moje = my, a possessive word modifying the noun
• figurka = figurine / little figure, the subject of the sentence
• je = is, the 3rd person singular form of být (to be)
• červená = red, an adjective describing figurka

So the structure is basically:

my figurine + is + red

In Czech, every noun has a grammatical gender: masculine, feminine, or neuter.

Figurka is a feminine noun. One clue is the ending -a, which is very often feminine in Czech.

Because figurka is feminine, other words connected to it must match that gender, which is why you get:

• moje figurka
• červená figurka

and not masculine or neuter forms.

Czech adjectives must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

Here, figurka is:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative

So the adjective must also be feminine singular nominative:

• červená figurka = red figurine

Compare:

• červený dům = red house (masculine)
• červené auto = red car (neuter)
• červená figurka = red figurine (feminine)

The same agreement still shows up when the adjective comes after je.

Because můj changes form depending on the noun it goes with.

• můj is used with a masculine singular noun in the basic form
• moje is used with feminine and neuter nouns in this kind of sentence

So:

• můj dům = my house
• moje auto = my car
• moje figurka = my figurine

You may also see má figurka. That is also correct. Czech possessive forms like můj / moje / má have some variation, and moje figurka is completely normal.

It is in the nominative case, because it is the subject of the sentence.

In Moje figurka je červená, the figurine is the thing being talked about, so Czech uses the nominative:

• figurka = nominative singular

The adjective červená also matches that nominative feminine singular form.

If the noun were a direct object instead, the form would change:

• Vidím figurku. = I see the figurine.

So figurka vs figurku is a case difference.

In a normal sentence like this, yes, you usually need je.

Czech generally uses the present tense of být (to be) in ordinary statements:

• Figurka je červená. = The figurine is red.

You might occasionally see the verb omitted in very informal notes, captions, or headlines, but that is not the standard full sentence pattern.

So for a learner, Moje figurka je červená is the correct model.

Czech does not have articles like English a/an and the.

So figurka can mean:

• a figurine
• the figurine

The exact meaning depends on context.

If Czech needs to be more specific, it often uses:

• context
• word order
• demonstratives such as ta (that / the one)

But there is no separate article system like in English.

No, Czech word order is fairly flexible.

Moje figurka je červená is a very neutral, natural way to say it.

But other orders are possible, with different emphasis:

• Figurka je červená. = The figurine is red.
• Červená je moje figurka. = My figurine is the red one / It is my figurine that is red.
• Moje červená figurka = my red figurine

So the original sentence is the most straightforward word order, but not the only possible one.

A rough English-style guide is:

MO-ye FIG-oor-ka ye CHER-veh-naa

A few helpful pronunciation notes:

• moje = two syllables, roughly MO-ye
• je = roughly ye
• č sounds like ch in chess
• r in figurka is a Czech r, usually tapped or rolled
• á is a long vowel, so červená ends with a longer aa sound

Also, Czech stress usually falls on the first syllable of the word:

• MOje
• FIgurka
• ČERvená

Not always.

Figurka usually means a small figure or figurine, but the exact meaning depends on context. It can refer to:

• a toy figurine
• a decorative figurine
• a game piece
• a small carved or molded figure

So the word has a general small figure / figurine meaning, and the situation tells you the precise sense.

Yes.

Figurka je červená is a complete sentence meaning The figurine is red or A figurine is red, depending on context.

Adding moje simply makes the ownership explicit:

• Figurka je červená. = The figurine is red.
• Moje figurka je červená. = My figurine is red.

Czech often leaves out information that is already clear from context, but if you specifically want to say my, then moje is needed.