Vzhledem k tomu, že pronajímatel poslal kopii, můžeme přepočítat nedoplatek.

It means given that, since, seeing that, or in view of the fact that.

So the sentence is structured like:

• Vzhledem k tomu, že... = Given that...
• můžeme přepočítat nedoplatek = we can recalculate the underpayment / amount due

This expression is a bit more formal than a simple protože (because).

In vzhledem k tomu, že, the word tomu is part of a fixed structure.

Literally, the phrase is something like:

• vzhledem k = with regard to / in view of
• tomu = that
• že = that introducing a clause

So vzhledem k tomu, že... is literally close to in view of the fact that...

Also, vzhledem k normally takes the dative case, and tomu is the dative singular form of to.

Compare:

• Vzhledem k počasí... = Given the weather...
• Vzhledem k tomu, že prší... = Given that it is raining...

So when a full clause follows, Czech often uses tomu, že.

Pronajímatel means landlord or more generally lessor — the person who rents something out.

It comes from the verb pronajímat / pronajmout = to rent out / lease out.

A useful contrast:

• pronajímatel = the landlord, the one who lets the property
• nájemce = the tenant, the one who rents it

So in this sentence, pronajímatel poslal kopii means the landlord sent a copy.

Poslal is the past tense of poslat, which is a perfective verb.

That means it presents the action as completed:

• poslal = sent
• the copy was successfully sent

A common imperfective partner is posílat:

• posílal = was sending / used to send / sent repeatedly

So:

• pronajímatel poslal kopii = the landlord sent the copy, and the action is treated as finished
• pronajímatel posílal kopii would sound more like he was sending it or used to send it, which does not fit as well here

Because the sentence is about being able to recalculate now, Czech naturally uses the completed action: the copy has arrived / has been sent.

Because kopii is the accusative singular form of kopie.

Here, kopii is the direct object of poslal:

• poslal co? = kopii
• sent what? = a copy

So:

• nominative: kopie
• accusative: kopii

This spelling with -ii is normal for some feminine nouns ending in -ie.

For example:

• kopie → vidím kopii
• studie → čtu studii

So pronajímatel poslal kopii is grammatically correct because the word is in the object case.

Because the sentence begins with a subordinate clause, and Czech separates it from the main clause with a comma.

Structure:

• Vzhledem k tomu, že pronajímatel poslal kopii, = subordinate clause
• můžeme přepočítat nedoplatek. = main clause

This is very similar to English punctuation in a sentence like:

• Since the landlord sent a copy, we can recalculate the amount due.

In Czech, commas before clauses introduced by že, protože, když, aby, etc. are very important and much more regular than in English.

Because after a modal verb like moci (can / be able to), Czech uses the infinitive.

So:

• můžeme = we can
• přepočítat = to recalculate

Together:

• můžeme přepočítat = we can recalculate

You would not say something like můžeme přepočítáme. Czech works like English here:

• we can recalculate
• not we can recalculate-we-do

Other examples:

• Můžu přijít. = I can come.
• Musíme odejít. = We must leave.
• Chci to vidět. = I want to see it.

Spočítat usually means to count or to calculate.

Přepočítat means to recalculate, to count again, or to recalculate differently.

The prefix pře- often adds the idea of:

• again
• over
• re-

So here:

• spočítat nedoplatek = calculate the underpayment
• přepočítat nedoplatek = recalculate the underpayment

The sentence implies the amount was probably calculated before, and now, because the landlord sent a copy, it can be checked or recalculated.

Nedoplatek is a very useful Czech word. It means an underpayment, shortfall, or amount still owed.

It is common in billing, rent, utilities, taxes, and service charges.

The basic idea is:

• you were supposed to pay a certain amount
• less was paid
• the remaining amount is the nedoplatek

A very common opposite is:

• přeplatek = overpayment

So:

• nedoplatek = you still owe money
• přeplatek = you paid too much and should get money back

In a housing context, nedoplatek often refers to a balance due after utility or service charge settlement.

Yes. Czech word order is flexible.

The original sentence starts with the reason:

• Vzhledem k tomu, že pronajímatel poslal kopii, můžeme přepočítat nedoplatek.

You could also put the main clause first:

• Můžeme přepočítat nedoplatek, vzhledem k tomu, že pronajímatel poslal kopii.

That is grammatical, but the original version sounds more natural if you want to emphasize the reason first.

Czech often moves information around for focus, emphasis, or style, but the case endings help keep the meaning clear.

Yes, in many contexts you could say:

• Protože pronajímatel poslal kopii, můžeme přepočítat nedoplatek.

That would mean basically the same thing: Because the landlord sent a copy, we can recalculate the underpayment.

The difference is mainly in tone:

• protože = ordinary, everyday because
• vzhledem k tomu, že = more formal, more administrative, more written-style

Since the sentence is about a landlord and recalculating an amount due, the more formal expression fits very naturally.