Pronajímatel poslal vyúčtování, podklady však neposlal.

Pronajímatel means landlord and it is the subject of the sentence, so it is in the nominative case.

Its ending does not look especially “subject-like” to an English speaker, but in Czech this is a normal masculine noun pattern. In this sentence, pronajímatel is the person doing the action: he sent something.

Both are direct objects, so they are in the accusative case.

• vyúčtování = accusative singular
• podklady = accusative plural

A useful detail: vyúčtování is a neuter noun, and in the singular its nominative and accusative forms are the same, so you do not see any ending change here.

With podklady, the form is also what you would expect for plural accusative of an inanimate masculine noun, and it looks the same as the nominative plural.

So even though the forms may not visibly change much, their role in the sentence is object, not subject.

Because they refer to different kinds of things:

• vyúčtování is usually a single statement, settlement, or bill summary.
• podklady means supporting documents / materials / evidence, which is naturally often plural.

So the sentence contrasts:

• the landlord sent the statement
• but did not send the supporting documents

This is very natural in Czech.

Však means something like:

• however
• but
• though

In this sentence it adds contrast:

• Pronajímatel poslal vyúčtování = The landlord sent the statement
• podklady však neposlal = however, he did not send the supporting documents

So však is signaling: the first thing happened, but the second one did not.

That is very typical Czech word order.

In Czech, words like však often appear in the second position of their clause, or near the beginning after the first element. So:

• podklady však neposlal

sounds very natural.

A very literal structural way to think about it is:

• podklady = the first element of the second clause
• však = comes right after that first element

This is one of those places where Czech word order follows its own rhythm and does not match English.

Because it is understood from context.

The first clause gives the subject:

• Pronajímatel poslal vyúčtování

Then the second clause keeps the same subject, so Czech simply omits it:

• podklady však neposlal

The understood subject is still pronajímatel.

English often repeats the subject (but he did not send...), while Czech very often leaves it out when it is obvious.

Because in Czech, ne- is normally attached directly to the verb to form negation.

So:

• poslal = sent
• neposlal = did not send

This is standard Czech spelling. You do not write ne poslal.

This repetition is natural and effective in Czech because it creates a clear contrast:

• he sent the statement
• he did not send the supporting documents

Czech often repeats the verb in coordinated clauses when contrasting two actions or two objects. It sounds very straightforward and emphatic here.

It is the past tense.

More specifically, this is the Czech past-tense form built from a past participle. In full form with an explicit pronoun, it would be something like:

• (on) poslal
• (on) neposlal

Because the subject is masculine singular, the verb form is poslal.

Yes. In the past tense, Czech verbs show gender in the singular.

• poslal = masculine singular
• poslala = feminine singular
• poslalo = neuter singular

Since pronajímatel is masculine, the sentence uses poslal and neposlal.

Because the sentence contains two coordinated clauses:

• Pronajímatel poslal vyúčtování
• podklady však neposlal

They are closely connected but still form two separate clause-like parts with an implied shared subject, so a comma is natural here.

It helps mark the contrast between the two actions.

Yes, absolutely.

That version with ale means:

• but

So:

• Pronajímatel poslal vyúčtování, ale podklady neposlal.

is also correct and very natural.

The difference is mainly in style and nuance:

• ale is the most basic, common but
• však is a bit more formal or stylistically marked, and often sounds a little more written

Both work.

It can be changed somewhat, but the original order is very natural.

Original:

• Pronajímatel poslal vyúčtování, podklady však neposlal.

Possible variation:

• Pronajímatel poslal vyúčtování, však podklady neposlal.

But that sounds less natural to many speakers. The version with však after the first element of the second clause is better.

Another possible version:

• Vyúčtování pronajímatel poslal, podklady však neposlal.

This puts more emphasis on vyúčtování.

So the word order is not completely fixed, but the original sentence has very standard Czech information structure.

In this context, podklady means the documents or materials that support the billing or statement.

Depending on context, it could mean:

• supporting documents
• documentation
• background materials
• evidence for the calculation

So if the landlord sent the vyúčtování but not the podklady, the idea is that he sent the final statement but not the documents showing how it was calculated.

It sounds neutral to somewhat formal, especially because of však and the vocabulary:

• pronajímatel
• vyúčtování
• podklady

This is the kind of sentence you could easily see in an email, complaint, legal note, or housing-related communication. It is not slangy or conversational in tone.