Dvě koruny jsou na stole.

Because koruna is a feminine noun.

In Czech, two has different forms depending on gender:

• dva for masculine
• dvě for feminine and neuter

Since koruna is feminine, you say dvě koruny.

After the numbers 2, 3, and 4, Czech nouns usually appear in the plural nominative form.

So:

• jedna koruna = one crown / one koruna
• dvě koruny = two crowns / two korunas
• tři koruny = three
• čtyři koruny = four

That is why the sentence uses koruny.

Jsou is the 3rd person plural form of the verb být (to be).

So:

• je = is
• jsou = are

Because dvě koruny is plural, the verb is plural too:

• Dvě koruny jsou... = Two crowns are...

Because this sentence describes location, not movement.

The preposition na can take different cases:

• na + accusative = motion onto something
• na + locative = position on something

Here the coins are already on the table, so Czech uses the locative:

• na stole = on the table

Compare:

• Jsou na stole. = They are on the table.
• Dám je na stůl. = I’ll put them onto the table.

Because stůl is in the locative singular after na when it means location.

The noun changes like this:

• nominative: stůl = table
• locative: (na) stole = on the table

This kind of form change is normal in Czech because nouns change according to case.

Czech normally does not use articles like a or the.

So na stole can mean:

• on the table
• sometimes just on a table

The exact meaning depends on context. In this sentence, English often uses the, but Czech does not need any article.

Yes. Czech word order is much more flexible than English word order because the grammar is shown partly through endings.

Dvě koruny jsou na stole. is a neutral, natural sentence.

But you could also hear:

• Na stole jsou dvě koruny.
• Jsou na stole dvě koruny.

These versions may shift emphasis slightly:

• Na stole jsou dvě koruny. emphasizes the location first: On the table, there are two crowns.

Usually not in this sentence.

In the present tense, Czech often omits forms of to be in some informal styles only in very limited situations, but with a normal sentence like this, jsou should be kept:

• Dvě koruny jsou na stole.

Leaving it out would sound unnatural or wrong for standard Czech.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

dvyeh KOR-oo-nee soh na STO-leh

A few helpful points:

• dvě sounds roughly like dvyeh
• koruny has stress on the first syllable: KO
• jsou sounds like soh
• stole has two syllables: STO-le

In Czech, the stress is normally on the first syllable of each word.

It can mean either in theory, because koruna can mean:

• crown
• koruna, the Czech currency unit

Without context, dvě koruny is often understood as two korunas / two crowns of currency. But grammatically, the sentence works the same either way.