Learn Hardcore Croatian: Imam dovoljno vode, ali ti imaš previše kave. - I have enough water, but you have too much coffee.

Because after quantity words like dovoljno (enough) and previše (too much), Croatian puts the noun in the genitive case. For mass nouns, that’s the genitive singular:

voda → genitive singular: vode
kava → genitive singular: kave This is the standard pattern after quantifiers such as puno, mnogo, dosta, malo, dovoljno, previše.

Can I say previše kavu or dovoljno voda?

No. After these quantifiers you must use the genitive, not accusative (kavu) or nominative (voda). The correct forms are previše kave and dovoljno vode.

When would I use the genitive plural instead?

When you treat the noun as countable items (e.g., “coffees” = cups of coffee). Then the quantifier takes genitive plural:

previše kava = too many coffees/cups (genitive plural of kava)
puno knjiga = a lot of books (genitive plural of knjiga) With mass meaning (the liquid), stick to genitive singular: previše kave.

Is the pronoun ti necessary?

No. Croatian usually drops subject pronouns because the verb ending shows the person. Imaš previše kave is fine. Including ti adds emphasis or contrast: “but YOU have too much coffee.”

Can I change the word order?

Yes; Croatian allows flexible order for emphasis:

Neutral/contrast: Imam dovoljno vode, ali ti imaš previše kave.
Without pronoun: Imam dovoljno vode, ali imaš previše kave.
Focus on the object: Previše kave imaš.
Scolding/insistence: Ali imaš ti previše kave. All mean the same basic thing; word order shifts what’s emphasized.

What’s the nuance between ali, a, and no? Do I need the comma?

ali = but/however (most common for clear contrast). Comma before it is standard: ..., ali ...
a = and/while/but (milder contrast or simple juxtaposition). Also usually preceded by a comma: ..., a ...
no = but/yet (more formal/literary). Your sentence with ali is the most neutral choice.

How do I conjugate imati (to have) in the present?

ja: imam
ti: imaš
on/ona/ono: ima
mi: imamo
vi: imate
oni/one/ona: imaju

How do adjectives behave after these quantifiers?

Adjectives agree in case with the noun. Because the noun is genitive after dovoljno/previše, the adjective is genitive too:

previše jake kave (too much strong coffee)
dovoljno hladne vode (enough cold water)

How would I say “too much of this/that coffee”?

Use a demonstrative adjective in the genitive feminine singular:

previše ove kave = too much of this coffee
previše te kave = too much of that coffee (near you)
previše one kave = too much of that coffee (over there)

How do I make it negative?

Negate the verb: nemam is the fused form of ne + imam.

Nemam dovoljno vode, ali (a) ti imaš previše kave. Similarly: nemaš, nema, nemamo, nemate, nemaju.

Can I say “There is enough water” without a subject?

Yes, Croatian uses impersonal ima for existence:

Ima dovoljno vode. = There is enough water. Likewise: Ima previše kave. = There is too much coffee.

Why are there no words for “the/a” here?

Croatian has no articles. Definiteness is inferred from context or added with demonstratives if needed: ta voda (that water), ta kava (that coffee).

Are dovoljno, dosta, puno, and mnogo interchangeable?

dovoljno = enough (satisfies a need).
dosta = enough; colloquial, also “quite/a lot” in some contexts.
puno/mnogo = a lot/much/many (both common; mnogo is slightly more formal). All of them take the genitive: dosta/puno/mnogo/dovoljno vode.

Pronunciation tips for tricky letters?

š in imaš = “sh” (English “shoe”).
lj in dovoljno = a palatal L, like the “lli” in “million” said quickly.
The cluster in dovoljno is smooth: do-vo-ly-no.
Vowels are pure (no diphthongs): vode = vo-de, kave = ka-ve.

Is kava always “coffee”? What about kafa/kafe I’ve seen elsewhere?

In standard Croatian it’s kava (gen. sg. kave). In Serbian/Bosnian you’ll see kafa (gen. sg. kafe). Your sentence is Croatian-standard. If you switch standards, adjust forms accordingly: e.g., Serbian: Imam dovoljno vode, ali ti imaš previše kafe.

Can I use the genitive without a quantifier to mean “some water/coffee”?

Yes, the “partitive” genitive is possible:

Imam vode. = I have some water.
Ima kave. = There is some coffee. With an exact or evaluative amount, use the quantifier: dovoljno/previše kave.

What gender are voda and kava, and does it matter here?

Both are feminine. It matters because their genitive singular ends in -e: vode, kave. After dovoljno/previše, you need that genitive form. For other feminine nouns, the pattern is similar: juha → juhe, glazba → glazbe.

Do I ever need od (“of”) after these quantifiers?

Not with regular nouns: say previše kave, dovoljno vode (no od). You use od mainly with pronouns or proper names: previše od nas, puno od tih ljudi.

What would this look like with other genders?

The quantifier still forces genitive; ending depends on the noun:

masculine: kruh → kruha → previše kruha
neuter: mlijeko → mlijeka → dovoljno mlijeka
feminine: voda → vode → puno vode