tā méiyǒu tíqián yùyuē, suǒyǐ zài yīyuàn děng le hěn jiǔ.

In this sentence, 没有 is used to negate a completed or past action:

• 她没有提前预约 = She didn’t make an appointment in advance

In Mandarin, 没(有) is the normal way to say did not for past events.

Compare:

• 她没有预约。 = She did not make an appointment.
• 她不预约。 = She does not make appointments / She is unwilling to make an appointment / She generally doesn’t make appointments.

So here, because the sentence talks about something that happened and led to a result, 没有 is the natural choice.

提前 means in advance, ahead of time, or beforehand.

In 提前预约, it modifies the verb 预约:

• 提前预约 = to book / make an appointment in advance

This is very natural Chinese. Even though in English make an appointment already often implies planning ahead, Chinese commonly uses 提前 to make that idea explicit.

Examples:

• 请提前预约。 = Please make an appointment in advance.
• 我们需要提前准备。 = We need to prepare beforehand.

It can be both, depending on context.

In this sentence, it is a verb:

• 预约 = to make an appointment / to book

Examples:

• 预约医生 = to make an appointment with a doctor
• 预约时间 = to book a time slot

It can also be a noun:

• 我有一个预约。 = I have an appointment.

So Chinese often allows the same word to function as either a verb or a noun.

Because 提前 is acting like an adverbial modifier, and in Mandarin adverbs usually come before the verb they modify.

So:

• 提前预约 = book in advance

This follows a very common pattern:

• 认真学习 = study seriously
• 马上去 = go immediately
• 已经到了 = already arrived

Putting 提前 after 预约 would sound unnatural in standard Mandarin.

所以 means so, therefore, or as a result.

It introduces the result:

• 她没有提前预约，所以在医院等了很久。
• She didn’t make an appointment in advance, so she waited at the hospital for a long time.

Chinese often uses the pattern:

• 因为 ... 所以 ... = because ..., so ...

But the 因为 part is often omitted when the cause is already clear. That is what happens here:

• 她没有提前预约，所以...

This sounds very natural.

In Mandarin, place phrases often come before the verb.

So:

• 在医院等了很久 = waited for a long time at the hospital

This follows the usual word order:

Subject + place + verb + other information

For example:

• 她在家看书。 = She reads at home.
• 我在学校学习中文。 = I study Chinese at school.

So 在医院 sets the location before the action 等.

Here it most naturally means at the hospital.

In English, in the hospital can sometimes suggest being admitted as a patient, but Chinese 在医院 is broader. It simply means at/in the hospital location.

In this sentence, because she is waiting due to not having an appointment, at the hospital is usually the best interpretation.

The 了 after 等 marks the waiting as an actual completed event in the narrative.

• 等了很久 = waited for a long time

This is a very common pattern:

Verb + 了 + duration

Examples:

• 学了三年中文 = studied Chinese for three years
• 睡了八个小时 = slept for eight hours
• 等了很久 = waited for a long time

Here, 了 helps show that the waiting happened as a real event and lasted for a certain amount of time.

Yes, but the meaning or tone changes.

• 等了很久 = waited for a long time
  This refers to a specific event that happened.

• 等很久 can sound more general, incomplete, or dependent on context.

For example:

• 她昨天在医院等了很久。 = She waited a long time at the hospital yesterday.
• 要是没有预约，你可能得等很久。 = If you don’t have an appointment, you may have to wait a long time.

So in this sentence, because it describes a finished past situation, 等了很久 is the right form.

In 很久, the phrase means a long time.

Yes, 很 often means very, but in many common expressions it does not need to be translated literally as very. It simply helps form a natural descriptive phrase.

So:

• 久 = long (in time)
• 很久 = a long time

Examples:

• 我等了很久。 = I waited a long time.
• 我们很久没见了。 = We haven’t seen each other for a long time.

So you should usually understand 很久 as a set phrase meaning for a long time.

Yes. Both are correct.

• 等了很久 = waited for a long time
• 等了很长时间 = waited for a very long time / waited a long time

很久 is shorter and very common in everyday speech.
很长时间 is also natural, but feels a little more explicit or slightly more formal in some contexts.

So the original sentence sounds very normal and conversational.

In Chinese, 等 can take an object, but the object can also be omitted when it is unknown, obvious, or unimportant.

For example:

• 我在等医生。 = I’m waiting for the doctor.
• 她等了很久。 = She waited for a long time.

In this sentence, the focus is on the fact that she had to wait a long time at the hospital, not on exactly whom she was waiting for. The omitted object is understood from the situation.

Strictly speaking, 没有提前预约 means she did not make an appointment beforehand.

It emphasizes the lack of advance booking.

That leaves open the possibility that:

• she tried to register on the spot,
• she walked in without an appointment,
• or she only arranged things after arriving.

If you wanted to say more directly that she had no appointment at all, you could say:

• 她没有预约。 = She didn’t have/make an appointment.

So 没有提前预约 is slightly more specific than just 没有预约.

Yes, very typical. It follows a common Chinese pattern:

Subject + negated action + result connector + place + verb + duration

Breaking it down:

• 她 = subject
• 没有提前预约 = did not make an appointment in advance
• 所以 = so
• 在医院 = at the hospital
• 等了很久 = waited for a long time

This kind of cause-and-result structure is extremely common in both spoken and written Mandarin.