Learn Hardcore Chinese: nǐ néng xiě de hěn hǎo ma?

Use 你能写得很好吗？ if you really want to emphasize “are you able to (manage to) write very well,” or in contexts about potential/capability after training, etc.

What does 能 add here? How is it different from 会 and 可以?

能 (néng): ability/possibility under circumstances. 你能写得很好吗？ asks whether you are able to achieve a very good level (now/in general).
会 (huì): learned skill/know-how. 你会写汉字吗？ = Do you know how to write Chinese characters?
可以 (kěyǐ): permission/allowance or general possibility. 这里可以写字吗？ = Is it allowed to write here?

Note: 可以 + 写得很好 is uncommon; it sounds like “it is permitted/possible to write very well,” not “you are capable.” For capability/skill, prefer 能 or 会.

Why is 得 (de) after 写? Why not say 你能写很好吗？

In Mandarin, manner/degree after a verb is expressed with the “degree complement” pattern: Verb + 得 + degree phrase.

写得很好 (write very well)
说得很快 (speak very fast)
跑得不慢 (run not slowly)

You can’t put the adjective directly after the verb in this meaning, so 写很好 is ungrammatical here. Use 写得很好.

How do I tell 得, 的, and 地 apart?

得 (de): follows a verb to introduce a degree/result comment. Example: 他写得很好。
的 (de): links modifiers to nouns or marks relative clauses/possession. Example: 我写的字 (the characters I wrote); 好的老师 (a good teacher).
地 (de): turns adjectives/phrases into adverbs placed before verbs. Example: 认真地写 (write conscientiously); 高兴地唱歌 (sing happily).

Can I say 你能很好地写吗？

It’s grammatical but unnatural. For “write well,” native Chinese strongly prefers the post-verbal 得 pattern: 你能写得很好吗？
Use 地 mainly for adverbials like manner or attitude placed before the verb: 认真地写, 安静地写. Even for speed, natives still often prefer 得: 写得很快 (more natural than 很快地写 in many contexts).

Do we need 很 here? What’s the difference between 写得好 and 写得很好?

写得好: “write well.” Natural and common.
写得很好: “write very well,” stronger praise. After 得, you may omit 很 with no problem. (The “dummy 很” that’s often needed with predicate adjectives doesn’t apply the same way here.)

How do I negate this, and how would people typically answer?

Negating degree: 我写得不好 / 不太好 / 还可以 / 还行 / 一般般。
Negating ability: 我不能写得很好 (I’m not able to write very well) — acceptable, but people often just use the degree form above. Typical short answers:
Positive: 我写得挺好的 / 还行。
Negative: 不太好 / 一般吧。

Can I use an A-not-A pattern instead of 吗?

Yes:

你能不能写得很好？ (Are you able to write very well or not?)
你写得好不好？ (Do you write well or not?) A-not-A is very common in speech and sometimes feels more neutral/colloquial than adding 吗.

Does 写 refer to handwriting or composition?

Alone, 写 is ambiguous. Specify if needed:

Handwriting: 你的字写得好吗？ / 你写字写得好吗？ (字 = handwriting)
Writing in Chinese (language): 你中文写得好吗？ / 你会写汉字吗？
Composition/essays: 你作文写得好吗？ / 你的文章写得好吗？

Where does the object go in this structure?

Common, natural options:

Topic-comment: 中文你写得好吗？ (As for Chinese, do you write it well?)
Object before 得: 你中文写得好吗？ You may also hear duplication with the verb in some cases (e.g., with fixed verb-object compounds), but with 写 it’s usually cleaner to topicalize: 中文你写得好吗？

What’s the difference between 写得好 and 写好?

写得好: degree complement describing how well the writing turns out. 他中文写得好。
写好: resultative complement meaning “finish/achieve writing well (to a satisfactory standard).”
Examples:
- 我把作业写好了。 (I’ve finished the homework satisfactorily.)
- 你能把这句话写好吗？ (Can you write this sentence properly? — focuses on achieving a good result for this specific thing.)

Any pronunciation tips for this sentence?

得 (degree particle) and 吗 are in neutral tone.
很好 is pronounced with third-tone sandhi: hěn + hǎo → hén hǎo (but written hěn hǎo).
Don’t confuse 得 (neutral, structural) with děi (same character, different reading) meaning “must,” as in 我得走了 (wǒ děi zǒu le).

Could this sound confrontational?

It can, depending on tone and context. 你能写得很好吗？ may sound like you doubt the person can write very well. To ask more neutrally or politely:

你写得怎么样？
您的字写得怎么样？ (to be polite)
你中文写作怎么样？ (for writing ability in Chinese)